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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Towards Precision Measurements at UASLP

Saeed Hamzeloui, N Arias, V. Abediyeh, Daniel Martínez, M Gutiérrez, Eduardo Uruñuela, Eslava del Río, Edgar A. Cerda-Méndez, E. Gómez, Victor Manuel Valenzuela

Published Mar 1, 2016• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic interferometry is a very sensitive technique to measure small forces. Here we present an overview of the progress towards interferometric measurements in our laboratory. We characterize the magnetic field noise and describe the strategies to minimize the sensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations. We introduce as well a system for Raman excitation with minimum phase noise and the frequency filtering needed to implement it. Finally, we demonstrate atomic interferometry with a frequency sensitivity of 3 Hz.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/698/1/012011

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Atomic interferometry is a very sensitive technique to measure small forces. Here we present an overview of the progress towards interferometric measurements in our laboratory. We characterize the magnetic field noise and describe the strategies to minimize the sensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations. We introduce as well a system for Raman excitation with minimum phase noise and the frequency filtering needed to implement it. Finally, we demonstrate atomic interferometry with a frequency sensitivity of 3 Hz.
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Atomic interferometry is a very sensitive technique in precision measurements. In this PhD work we explore ways to improve certain aspects of atomic interfer- ometry. We show that there are some advantages on using magnetic sensitive states. We introduce the required infrastructures to implement Ramsey type interferometry on particular transitions. Using a Magneto Optical Trap (MOT) which is the main prerequisite, the atoms are trapped and cooled. The trapping procedure with the MOT requires ingredients such as lasers, the homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields, the chamber containing the sample, the vacuum system and the detection part (see Chapter 2). At the beginning of my PhD, this facility for trapping the rubidium atoms was available. Later on we upgraded the vacuum system. During this PhD work we could further cool down the trapped sample thanks to the optical molasses technique. We maintain the atoms at temperatures typically below some tenths of micro Kelvin. The coherent manipulation of the atoms is the significant part of this thesis since we aim to do atomic interferometry. Using radiations in microwave domain, it is feasible to couple any two states and do the Rabi oscillations between the hyperfine and Zeeman levels.\nMy first work as a PhD student was to contribute in the Dual Isotope MOT (DIMOT) experiment (see Chapter 3). The idea was to trap both isotopes of rubidium simultaneously by using only single laser and an Electro-Optical Modulator (EOM). This work introduces huge simplifications on the optical part and is extendable to trap more isotopes at the same time. The experiment has the optical and RF parts and my contribution was to complete the RF part.\nStarting all the atoms at the particular initial point for the interferometry takes us some considerable time to be sure that we correctly transfer the atomic population into the desired state (see the discussion in Chapter 4). From that point we focused on two transitions to use the Ramsey type interferometer. Each of these two transitions have an optimum operating point in order to be far from the magnetic field fluctuations since the interferometers are quite sensitive to the field perturbations sensed from the environment. At the end we aim to combine these two transitions of interest to make a dual interferometer (see Chapter 6). The idea is to obtain the minimum magnetic sensitivity at a tunable magnetic field by changing the fraction of atoms in each interferometer. The dual interferometer may be useful in applications where low magnetic sensitivity is required at a particular magnetic field.
With over 20 years of development, atomic interferometry gravimeters have distinguished themselves in gravity measurements by their high precision and sensitivity. To cater to the demands of field absolute gravity measurements for marine and aerial gravity field measurements, resource exploration, inertial navigation, and positioning, the miniaturization, mobility, and engineering of atomic interferometry gravimeters have become crucial areas of development. On this basis, this article elucidates the principles of atomic interferometry gravimeters, encompassing various laser cooling techniques, magneto-optical traps, and Raman light interference. As a matter of fact, it provides an overview of the principles and achieved precision benchmarks of portable, vehicular, airborne, and shipborne atomic interferometry gravimeters. Additionally, it analyzes the experimental content and results of maritime, terrestrial, and aerial experiments based on portable atomic interferometry gravimeters. The limitations of portable atomic interferometry gravimeters are discussed, along with an exploration of their application prospects. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of mobile atom interferometry gravity.
Atom interferometry using stimulated Raman transitions in a retroreflected configuration is the first choice in high-precision measurements because it provides low phase noise, a high-quality Raman wave front, and a simple experimental setup. However, it cannot be used for atoms at zero velocity because two pairs of Raman lasers are simultaneously resonant. Here we report a method which allows this degeneracy to be lifted by using a frequency chirp on the Raman lasers. Using this technique, we realize a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer hybridized with a force balanced accelerometer which provides horizontal acceleration measurements with a short-term sensitivity of $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. This technique could be used for multiaxis inertial sensors, tiltmeters, or atom interferometry in a microgravity environment.
Atoms in magnetically sensitive sublevels constitute a natural sensor for absolute magnetic field measurements, which are explored here to form an optical Ramsey interferometer for determining the magnetic field distribution. An optical Ramsey atom interferometer provides a convenient way to map a magnetic field in vacuum. In comparison with the often used Raman spectroscopy method, a Ramsey interferometer can not only improve the sensitivity, but also dramatically suppress the contribution of the ac Stark effect. Furthermore, in this work, the magnetically sensitive atoms are velocity-selected, which improves the spatial resolution for the magnetometer as well as the contrast of the Ramsey fringes. A short-term sensitivity of 1.4nT/Hz1/21.4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{nT/Hz}}^{1/2}1.4nT/Hz1/2 for magnetic field measurement is finally achieved even with an interrogation time as short as $500\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. The presented approach for absolute magnetic field measurement is expected to find wide applications in atom-interferometry-based precision measurements.