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Frontiers in Optics

Ultra-Fast All-Optical Modulator Using Nano-Waveguide Embedded in High Pressure Buffer Gas

Mohamed F. Fouda, M. S. Shahriar

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose implementation of an ultra-fast, low power all-optical modulator at telecommunication wavelength via interaction of evanescent light field around a silicon nitride nano waveguide with Rubidium vapor under high pressure buffer gas.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2015.ftu5a.5

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Alkali vapours, such as rubidium, are being used extensively in several important fields of research such as slow and stored light nonlinear optics quantum computation, atomic clocks and magnetometers. Recently, there is a growing effort towards miniaturizing traditional centimetre-size vapour cells. Owing to the significant reduction in device dimensions, light–matter interactions are greatly enhanced, enabling new functionalities due to the low power threshold needed for nonlinear interactions. Here, taking advantage of the mature platform of silicon photonics, we construct an efficient and flexible platform for tailored light–vapour interactions on a chip. Specifically, we demonstrate light–matter interactions in an atomic cladding waveguide, consisting of a silicon nitride nano-waveguide core with a rubidium vapour cladding. We observe the efficient interaction of the electromagnetic guided mode with the rubidium cladding and show that due to the high confinement of the optical mode, the rubidium absorption saturates at powers in the nanowatt regime. Alkali vapours are increasingly useful in photonic research and metrology applications, and they provide a useful test bed for investigating light–matter interaction. Stern et al. integrate silicon nitride waveguides with alkali vapours to study light–matter interactions on a chip-scale platform.

arXiv:1204.0393•Nature Communications•Mar 5, 2013•157 citations
Modulators using atomic systems are often limited in speed by the rate of spontaneous emission. One approach for overcoming this limit is to make use of a buffer gas such as Ethane, which causes rapid fine structure mixing of the P(1/2) and P(3/2) states, and broadens the absorption spectra of the D1 and D2 lines in alkali atoms. Employing this effect, we show that one can achieve high speed modulation using ladder transitions in Rubidium. We demonstrate a 100-fold increase, due to the addition of the buffer gas, in the modulation bandwidth using the 5S-5P-5D cascade system. The observed bandwidth of ~200 MHz is within a factor of 2.5 of the upper bound of ~0.51 GHz for the system used, and is limited by various practical constraints in our experiment. We also present numerical simulations for the system and predict that a much higher modulation speed should be achievable under suitable conditions. In combination with a tapered nano fiber or a SiN waveguide, it has the potential to be used for high-speed, low-power all-optical modulation.
Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Krishnamurthy, Y. Wang, Y. Tu, S. Tseng, and M. S. Shahriar, "Ultra-low Power, Buffer Gas assisted High Speed Optical Modulator in Rb using Tapered Nano Fiber," in Frontiers in Optics 2013, I. Kang, D. Reitze, N. Alic, and D. Hagan, eds., OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper FW4B.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
Alkali vapours, such as rubidium, are being used extensively in several important fields of research such as slow and stored light nonlinear optics quantum computation, atomic clocks and magnetometers. Recently, there is a growing effort towards miniaturizing traditional centimetre-size vapour cells. Owing to the significant reduction in device dimensions, light–matter interactions are greatly enhanced, enabling new functionalities due to the low power threshold needed for nonlinear interactions. Here, taking advantage of the mature platform of silicon photonics, we construct an efficient and flexible platform for tailored light–vapour interactions on a chip. Specifically, we demonstrate light–matter interactions in an atomic cladding waveguide, consisting of a silicon nitride nano-waveguide core with a rubidium vapour cladding. We observe the efficient interaction of the electromagnetic guided mode with the rubidium cladding and show that due to the high confinement of the optical mode, the rubidium absorption saturates at powers in the nanowatt regime. Alkali vapours are increasingly useful in photonic research and metrology applications, and they provide a useful test bed for investigating light–matter interaction. Stern et al. integrate silicon nitride waveguides with alkali vapours to study light–matter interactions on a chip-scale platform.