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Physical Review A

Improving noiseless linear amplification for optical quantum communication with quadrature squeezing

Song Yang, ShengLi Zhang, Xu‐Bo Zou, BI Si-wen, XuLing Lin

Published Feb 19, 2013• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is an important tool for long-distance optical quantum communication. In this paper, we show that NLA with linear optics and photon counts can be further improved by applying quadrature squeezing. Moreover, we find that such enhancement through squeezing can be observed even when a photon dichotic on-off detector and a pseudo-single-photon state are applied to the amplification process. Such a result could find more applications in already-known NLA-related quantum information tasks.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.024302

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Quantum noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is an important tool for long-distance optical quantum communication. In this paper, we show that NLA with linear optics and photon counts can be further improved by applying quadrature squeezing. Moreover, we find that such enhancement through squeezing can be observed even when a photon dichotic on-off detector and a pseudo-single-photon state are applied to the amplification process. Such a result could find more applications in already-known NLA-related quantum information tasks.
Abstract Noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is a crucial method to solve the photon transmission loss problem. However, most NLA protocols require an ideal auxiliary single-photon source, which is unavailable under current experimental condition. Meanwhile, their heralded amplification performance is relatively low. For enhancing the feasibility and amplification performance of the NLA, in this paper, we propose an efficient NLA protocol with a practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source. We introduce the local-quadrature squeezing operation into the NLA protocol, which can effectively increase its amplification factor. This NLA protocol only uses some common linear-optical elements, the practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source, and imperfect single-photon detectors, so that it is easy to implement under the existing experimental condition. It may have important applications in the future quantum information processing field.
Quantum communication can realize secure information transmission based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Photon is a crucial information carrier in quantum communication. The photonic quantum communication protocols require the transmission of photons or photonic entanglement between communicating parties. However, in this process, photon transmission loss inevitably occurs due to environmental noise. Photon transmission loss significantly reduces the efficiency of quantum communication and even threatens its security, so that it becomes a major obstacle for practical long-distance quantum communication. Quantum noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is a promising method for mitigating photon transmission loss. Through local operations and post-selection, NLA can effectively increase the fidelity of the target state or the average photon number in the output state while perfectly preserving the encoded information of the target state. As a result, employing NLA technology can effectively overcome photon transmission loss and extend the secure communication distance. In this paper, the existing NLA protocols are categorized into two types, i.e. the NLA protocols in DV quantum systems and CV quantum systems. A detailed introduction is given to the quantum scissor (QS)-based NLA protocols for single photons, single-photon polarization qubits, and single-photon spatial entanglement in the DV quantum systems. The QS-based NLA can effectively increase the fidelity of the target states while perfectly preserving its encodings. In recent years, researchers have made efforts to study various improvements to the QS-based NLA protocols. In the CV quantum systems, researchers have adopted parallel multiple QS structure and generalized QS to increase the average photon numbers of the Fock states, coherent states and two-mode squeezed vacuum states. In addition to theoretical advancements, significant progress has also been made in the experimental implementations of NLA. The representative experimental demonstrations of QS-based NLA protocols are summarized. Finally, the future development directions for NLA to facilitate its practical applications are presented. This review can provide theoretical support for practically developing NLA in the future.
There has been much recent interest in quantum technology for applications to high resolution imaging and interference measurement. Due to noise and photon loss in the transmission between the telescopes, the current optical interferometers have quite limited baselines to a few hundred meters at most, which limit the resolutions. Here we propose to use noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) to reduce optical loss in the transmission. We also show that NLA can be further improved with local squeezing operator. We envisage that our analysis on this squeezing operator assisted NLA method could help to develop higher resolution interferometers, which would have many applications in stellar observation.
A noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) can probabilistically amplify an optical state without the noise required by deterministic phase-insensitive amplification. We study a hybrid amplifier in which a finite-cutoff quantum-scissor NLA is placed between two single-mode squeezers. Analysis based on an ideal (infinite cutoff) NLA finds a gain enhancement from the squeezing. We explore the physics of this enhancement as the cutoff of the quantum scissors is increased. The low-cutoff sequence shows how this gain enhancement emerges from the truncated Fock space. Cutoff 3 is the lowest order at which the additional even- and odd-photon components can both contribute to gain enhancement, albeit with some skewing of the coefficients which reduces the fidelity. As the cutoff is increased the fidelity improves. However, unlike the ideal transformation, the finite-cutoff device depends on the phase of the coherent amplitude relative to the squeezing axes, with states aligned with the anti-squeezing requiring higher cutoffs to achieve high fidelity. We track behavior to high cutoffs and eventually see the performance predicted in the ideal theory emerge.
Noiseless linear amplification (NLA), first proposed by Ralpha et al., is a nondeterministic amplification process which gives gain to the Fock state |n〉 → g n |n〉, with g being the amplification gain. We here give a general framework for improving the NLA scheme with arbitrary general local unitary operations. We derive the improvement in the amplification gain in 0–1 photon subspace. In particular, we study if the local unitary is composed of single mode squeezing and coherent displacement operation. Finally, numerical simulations show that local unitary operation could give a further enhancement in the amplification gain as well as the success probability, making the NLA more feasible in future optic quantum communications.
Abstract Quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for quantum information. However, it is very fragile and prone to decoherence. Recently, it has been shown that the noiseless linear amplification (NLA) which can be applied to any channel with loss and noise can effectively counteract the effect of quantum decoherence. Besides, the initial quantum correlation can even be exceed by using this method. Thus, it is a useful tool in enhancing quantum entanglement. In this paper, we apply NLA to the tripartite GHZ entangled state and analyze quantum entanglement and steering after NLA. The results showed that the NLA can effectively improve quantum entanglement and expand the range of quantum steering. Simultaneously, they also provide useful direction for the distillation of quantum state using NLA in practical quantum communication.