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Physical Review A

Generation of correlated and anticorrelated multiple fields via atomic spin coherence

Xihua Yang, Jiteng Sheng, Utsab Khadka, Min Xiao

Published Jan 18, 2012• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimental observation of generation of four and six strongly correlated and anticorrelated laser fields via atomic spin coherence in triple- and quadruple-\ensuremath{\Lambda}-type ${}^{85}$Rb atomic systems. The anticorrelated Stokes and anti-Stokes fields, simultaneously produced through scattering of the applied laser fields off the atomic spin coherence established in advance by the coupling and probe fields, are also highly anticorrelated, respectively, with the corresponding scattering fields. This method can, in principle, be used to create correlated and anticorrelated narrowband multiple fields of any desired order with long correlation times. It paves the way to further study of the generation of multifield quantum correlations and anticorrelations of arbitrarily high order.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.013824

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•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
We report the experimental observation of generation of four and six strongly correlated and anticorrelated laser fields via atomic spin coherence in triple- and quadruple-\ensuremath{\Lambda}-type 85{}^{85}85Rb atomic systems. The anticorrelated Stokes and anti-Stokes fields, simultaneously produced through scattering of the applied laser fields off the atomic spin coherence established in advance by the coupling and probe fields, are also highly anticorrelated, respectively, with the corresponding scattering fields. This method can, in principle, be used to create correlated and anticorrelated narrowband multiple fields of any desired order with long correlation times. It paves the way to further study of the generation of multifield quantum correlations and anticorrelations of arbitrarily high order.
We present a proof-of-principle way to generate nondegenerate multipartite continuous-variable entanglement via atomic spin wave induced by the strong coupling and probe fields in the \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type electromagnetically induced transparency configuration in an atomic ensemble. Quantum correlated or anticorrelated and entangled Stokes and anti-Stokes fields, simultaneously produced through scattering the applied laser fields off the atomic spin wave, can be achieved. This method can, in principle, be extended to flexibly and conveniently create multicolor multipartite entangled narrow-band fields to any desired order with long correlation time, which may find promising applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
We report the experimental observation of simultaneous control of two four-wave-mixing fields via an induced atomic spin coherence formed by a Raman process with one coupling field and one probe field in a triple-\ensuremath{\Lambda}-type 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atomic system. It is shown that by changing the atomic density, intensity, or detuning of the coupling field, the relative intensities of the two four-wave-mixing fields can be manipulated. This behavior can be explained as the change in the spin coherence for varying the coupling field intensity and the large difference in the attenuation coefficients of the two produced four-wave-mixing fields for varying the atomic density. This controlling process may find applications in coherent control of nonlinear optical processes and quantum information processing.
We study experimentally nonlinear optical processes in which Stokes and anti-Stokes fields build up under strong, resonant, counterpropagating pump laser excitation in atomic sodium vapor. We find that, at some pump frequency, two off-axis anti-Stokes emissions propagating along reflection-symmetric directions are strongly temporally correlated, with a correlation time of $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ and a correlation range of 1mrad1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}1mrad. It is shown by the numerical analysis based on six-wave mixing process involving pump, Stokes, and anti-Stokes waves in the forward and the backward directions that such correlated anti-Stokes emissions are possible when the medium is opaque for the Stokes field and transparent for the anti-Stokes field. Possibilities of quantum correlation for entangled photon generation using this system are discussed.
Motivated by the recent experiment [V.A. Sautenkov, Yu.V. Rostovtsev, and M.O. Scully, Phys. Rev. A 72, 065801 (2005)], we develop a theoretical model in which the field intensity fluctuations resulted from resonant interaction of a dense atomic medium with laser field having finite bandwidth. The intensity-intensity cross correlation between two circular polarized beams can be controlled by the applied external magnetic field. A smooth transition from perfect correlations to anti-correlations (at zero delay time) of the outgoing beams as a function of the magnetic field strength is observed. It provides us with the desired information about decoherence rate in, for example, 87^{87}87Rb atomic vapor.
In the last few decades, coherent light-atom interactions have opened unprecedented possibilities for the coherent control of atomic and optical quantum systems, paved the way for the practical realization of quantum information technologies, and allowed for the creation of novel quantum-enhanced sensors. This dissertation investigates the interaction of multiple near-resonant optical fields with hot rubidium atoms under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The main goal of the presented research is to address some fundamental challenges in using such systems for practical applications. The EIT effect relies on the strong coupling of an optical probe field and a collective long-lived ensemble of atomic spins by the means of a strong classical optical control field in a Lambda configuration. While optically-thick atomic vapor is necessary to achieve such a strong coupling regime, the increasing optical depth of the atomic ensemble also leads to the effective enhancement of other nonlinear light-atom interactions, such as the four-wave mixing effect. Here we discuss the possibility to control four-wave mixing in a three-level system without deteriorating the coherent properties of EIT by introducing an additional absorber resonant exclusively with the Stokes field. The exclusive detection of a weak probe field in the presence of a strong control field is a challenging experimental task, especially at the few-photon level. Many experiments employ polarization and/or frequency filtering to compete the task. We present an alternative filtering technique based on optical vortices for cases when the traditional methods are not sufficient or restrict the experimental arrangements. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the group velocity of a pulsed squeezed vacuum field by using the optical dispersion modification via Zeeman spin coherence in rubidium atoms. By changing the interaction condition, we demonstrate the switch between the ``slow'' and (for the first time) ``fast'' light regime. We also show that increased optical depth simultaneously leads to the enhancement of pulse advancement and the deterioration of squeezing fidelity in the output pulses.