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Frontiers in Optics

Generation and Propagation of Spatial Coherence

G. S. Agarwal

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A microscopic approach for the generation of spatial coherence of the source and its effect on the measured properties of the field in the far zone will be presented. The effect of spatial coherence on the intensity- intensity correlations as measured by two detectors will be discussed. The latter for the case of trapped ions/atoms carry important information on the nonclassical nature of the fields and can be especially useful for quantum imaging.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2004.jma2

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A microscopic approach for the generation of spatial coherence of the source and its effect on the measured properties of the field in the far zone will be presented. The effect of spatial coherence on the intensity- intensity correlations as measured by two detectors will be discussed. The latter for the case of trapped ions/atoms carry important information on the nonclassical nature of the fields and can be especially useful for quantum imaging.
Emil Wolf discovered how the spatial coherence characteristics of the source affect the spectrum of the radiation in the far zone. In particular, the spatial coherence of the source can result either in red or blue shifts in the measured spectrum. His predictions have been verified in a large number of different classes of systems. Wolf and coworkers usually assume a given form of source correlations and study its consequence. In this paper we consider the microscopic origin of spatial coherence and radiation from a system of atoms. We discuss how the radiation is different from that produced from an independent system of atoms. We show that the process of radiation itself is responsible for the creation of spatial correlations within the source. We present different features of the spectrum and other statistical properties of the radiation, which show strong dependence on the spatial correlations. We show the existence of a new type of two-photon resonance that arises as a result of such spatial correlations. We further show how the spatial coherence of the field can be used in the context of radiation generated by nonlinear optical processes.We conclude by demonstrating the universality ofWolf shifts and its application in the context of pulse propagation in a dispersive medium.
In this thesis I examine how the statistical properties of radiation limit our ability to perform imaging and metrological procedures. In particular I focus on radiation in the far field zone of the source. The classical and quantum theories of parameter estimation are introduced and subsequently utilised throughout, along with the theory of optical coherence. Classical and quantum imaging protocols are examined with the aid of a resolution criterion and the criterion is shown to reproduce the results of previous works. This method is also extended to previously un-investigated situations and the effect of imperfect measurements is explored. Intensity correlation measurements are investigated in great detail and for the first time a rigorous comparison is made between higher-order intensity correlation measurements of the type introduced by Hanbury Brown and Twiss. The importance of considering covariances in intensity correlation data is demonstrated and I give a full, detailed account of how to include this in the formulation. I also show how the optimal arrangement for an intensity correlation measurement can be found, therefore allowing the best precision in parameter estimation to be achieved. A quantum mechanical description of blackbody radiation is used to examine the state arriving at a detector in the far field. By using the quantum Fisher information an interesting connection is found between the statistical independence of photons in the source plane and the acquisition of information in the far field.
Wolf discovered how the spatial coherence characteristics of the source affect the spectrum of the radiation in the far zone. In particular the spatial coherence of the source can result either in red or blue shifts in the measured spectrum.His predictions have been verified in a large number of different classes of systems. Wolf and coworkers usually assume a given form of source correlations and study its consequence. In this paper we consider microscopic origin of spatial coherence and radiation from a system of atoms. We discuss how the radiation is different from that produced from an independent system of atoms. We show that the process of radiation itself is responsible for the creation of spatial correlations within the source. We present different features of the spectrum and other statistical properties of the radiation, which show strong dependence on the spatial correlations. We show the existence of a new type of two-photon resonance that arises as a result of such spatial correlations. We further show how the spatial coherence of the field can be used in the context of radiation generated by nonlinear optical processes. We conclude by demonstrating the universality of Wolf shifts and its application in the context of pulse propagation in a dispersive medium.