Physical review. B, Condensed matter
Peculiarities of the O (n) model for n<1
P. D. Gujrati
Abstract
The $O (n)$ model consisting of $n$-component spins $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}$ with the constraint ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}}^{2}=\ensuremath{\lambda}$ in a magnetic field $h$ is studied. It is shown that mathematically it is possible for the susceptibility to become negative for $n<1$, which implies a violation of convexity properties for $n<1$. In a mean-field approximation, the susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{n}$ and the specific heat ${C}_{n}$ are positive near the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ for all $n\ensuremath{\ge}0$ in contradiction with the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion, but they become negative at very low temperatures for $n<1$. It is also shown that the spontaneous magnetization is not a monotone function of temperature for $n<1$. Our calculation also supports the conclusion drawn by des Cloizeaux that the low-temperature phase of the $O (0)$ model describes the semidilute regime of the polymer system as $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$.