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Quantum convolutional stabilizer codes

Neelima Chinthamani

Published Sep 30, 2004• 0 citations

Abstract

Quantum error correction codes were introduced as a means to protect quantum information from decoherance and operational errors. Based on their approach to error control, error correcting codes can be divided into two different classes: block codes and convolutional codes. There has been significant development towards finding quantum block codes, since they were first discovered in 1995. In contrast, quantum convolutional codes remained mainly uninvestigated. In this thesis, we develop the stabilizer formalism for quantum convolutional codes. We define distance properties of these codes and give a general method for constructing encoding circuits, given a set of generators of the stabilizer of a quantum convolutional stabilizer code, is shown. The resulting encoding circuit enables online encoding of the qubits, i.e., the encoder does not have to wait for the input transmission to end before starting the encoding process. We develop the quantum analogue of the Viterbi algorithm. The quantum Viterbi algorithm (QVA) is a maximum likehood error estimation algorithm, the complexity of which grows linearly with the number of encoded qubits. A variation of the quantum Viterbi algorithm, the Windowed QVA, is also discussed. Using Windowed QVA, we can estimate the most likely error without waiting for the entire received sequence.

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Quantum error correction codes were introduced as a means to protect quantum information from decoherance and operational errors. Based on their approach to error control, error correcting codes can be divided into two different classes: block codes and convolutional codes. There has been significant development towards finding quantum block codes, since they were first discovered in 1995. In contrast, quantum convolutional codes remained mainly uninvestigated. In this thesis, we develop the stabilizer formalism for quantum convolutional codes. We define distance properties of these codes and give a general method for constructing encoding circuits, given a set of generators of the stabilizer of a quantum convolutional stabilizer code, is shown. The resulting encoding circuit enables online encoding of the qubits, i.e., the encoder does not have to wait for the input transmission to end before starting the encoding process. We develop the quantum analogue of the Viterbi algorithm. The quantum Viterbi algorithm (QVA) is a maximum likehood error estimation algorithm, the complexity of which grows linearly with the number of encoded qubits. A variation of the quantum Viterbi algorithm, the Windowed QVA, is also discussed. Using Windowed QVA, we can estimate the most likely error without waiting for the entire received sequence.

A quantum error correction scheme is proposed to protect a flow of transmitted quantum information. It is largely inspired by the theory of classical convolutional codes and the construction of the linear quantum code for error correction using the stabilizer formalism. Also, we provide an explicit encoding circuit to describe the process of the online encoding and the quantum error propagation. To decode the construction of the code, a quantum Viterbi algorithm is put forward for decoding of quantum signals received at the decoder

We describe a quantum error correction scheme aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. It is largely inspired by the theory of classical convolutional codes which are used in similar circumstances in classical communication. The particular example shown here uses the stabilizer formalism. We provide an explicit encoding circuit and its associated error estimation algorithm. The latter gives the most likely error over any memoryless quantum channel, with a complexity growing only linearly with the number of encoded qubits.

We describe the theory of quantum convolutional error correcting codes. These codes are aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. They are largely inspired by their classical analogs which are used in similar circumstances in classical communication. In this article, we provide an efficient polynomial formalism for describing their stabilizer group, derive an on-line encoding circuit with linear gate complexity and study error propagation together with the existence of on-line decoding. Finally, we provide a maximum likelihood error estimation algorithm with linear classical complexity for any memoryless channel.

A quantum-convolutional code was introduced recently as an alternative way to protect vital quantum information. To complete the analysis of the quantum-convolutional code, I report a way to decode certain quantum-convolutional codes based on the classical Viterbi decoding algorithm. This decoding algorithm is optimal for a memoryless channel. I also report three simple criteria to test if decoding errors in a quantum-convolutional code will terminate after a finite number of decoding steps whenever the Hilbert space dimension of each quantum register is a prime power. Finally, I show that certain quantum-convolutional codes are in fact stabilizer codes. And hence, these quantum stabilizer convolutional codes have fault-tolerant implementations.

Quantum convolutional codes can be used to protect a sequence of qubits of arbitrary length against decoherence. We introduce two new families of quantum convolutional codes. Our construction is based on an algebraic method which allows to construct classical convolutional codes from block codes, in particular BCH codes. These codes have the property that they contain their Euclidean, respectively Hermitian, dual codes. Hence, they can be used to define quantum convolutional codes by the stabilizer code construction. We compute BCH-like bounds on the free distances which can be controlled as in the case of block codes, and establish that the codes have non-catastrophic encoders.

Decoherence is one of the major challenges facing the field of quantum computation.The field of quantum error correction has developed to meet this challenge.A group-theoretical structure and associated class of quantum codes, the stabilizer codes, has proved particularly fruitful in producing codes and in understanding the structure of both specified codes and classes of codes.All stabilizer codes discovered so far are block codes.In this thesis, we will construct a class of concatenated quantum convolutional codes.We will introduce the concept of quantum convolutional memory and some simple techniques to produce good quantum convolutional codes from classes of classical convolutional codes.