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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Enhanced optical nonlinearities in quantum boxes: theory and applications

Juan Francisco Lam

Published Apr 25, 1988• 0 citations
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Abstract

Current interest in the optical behavior of semiconductor microcrystallites or boxes stems from their potential use in optical signal processing operations. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms1-3 as well as the limitations to optical devices4,5 is still being considered actively. This paper reports the results of our studies of the nonlinear optics of excitons confined to zero dimension and examines its manifestation on the phenomena of dynamic Stark effect, optical phase conjugation, and two-beam coupling.

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Current interest in the optical behavior of semiconductor microcrystallites or boxes stems from their potential use in optical signal processing operations. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms1-3 as well as the limitations to optical devices4,5 is still being considered actively. This paper reports the results of our studies of the nonlinear optics of excitons confined to zero dimension and examines its manifestation on the phenomena of dynamic Stark effect, optical phase conjugation, and two-beam coupling.
Large, nonlinear-optical phenomena are shown theoretically to be observable under nearly two-photon resonant pumping of the excitonic molecule (EM), e.g., in a CuCl crystal. When the exciton polariton (EP) is resonantly pumped into the EM, they are hybridized with each other and show optical Stark splitting. These splittings can be observed, respectively, as a sharp dip in the reflection spectrum and two-photon absorption spectrum due to the EM. We can also clarify how these splittings change into the blueshifts and redshifts of the EP and the EM as functions of the pump frequency and power. The generation of the phase-conjugated wave is shown also to be enhanced under two-photon resonant pumping of the EM. Some characteristics about pump-probe frequency and polarization dependences are also clarified. We have also derived the effective Hamiltonian of the exciton and the EM from the first-principles equation of motion for the exciton coupled with that of the EM. This Hamiltonian has made possible the theoretical analysis of these nonlinear-optical phenomena.
Recent works in the area of ultrafast nonlinearities due to virtual carriers in semiconductor heterostructures have generated significant interest among researchers. It has been shown1 that excitons in QW’s behave very much like conventional two-level atoms, to the extent that exciton-exciton interaction can be neglected. Therefore, fast coherent phenomena usually associated with two-level system may occur in excitonic QW transitions. Indeed, dynamic (AC) Stark effect in QW’s have been demonstrated2,3.
Recent works in the area of ultrafast nonlinearities due to virtual carriers in semiconductor heterostructures have generated significant interest among researchers. It has been shown that excitons in QW's behave very much like conventional two-level atoms, to the extent that exciton-exciton interaction can be neglected. Therefore, fast coherent phenomena usually associated with two-level system may occur in excitonic QW transitions. Indeed, dynamic (AC) Stark effect in QW's have been demonstrated. When semiconductor QW's were pumped below the absorption edge there were a strong "blue" shift of the exciton resonance, accompanied by a strong bleaching.