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Chinese Journal of Lasers

16.8 W Diode Pumped Rubidium Vapor Laser with Brewster Angle Structure

谭彦楠 Tan Yannan, 李义民 Li Yimin, 刘通 Liu Tong, 贾春燕 Jia Chunyan, 徐志 Xu Zhi, Wanfa Liu

Published Jan 1, 2016• 1 citation

Abstract

为了获得高效半导体抽运碱金属蒸气激光器，采用布儒斯特角结构的增益池，有效地提高了激光的单程透射率，p偏振的激光单程透射率达到97%。采用长度为1 cm 的增益池，其内填充碱金属铷蒸气作为增益介质和压强为79.99 kPa的甲烷作为缓冲气体。采用中心波长为780 nm，线宽为0.1 nm，功率为48 W 连续输出的半导体激光器作为抽运源。为了降低增益池内的热效应，采用斩波器将抽运光转化成脉冲形式输出，脉冲宽度为1.85 ms，重复频率为15 Hz，占空比2.77%。采用12 cm 的平凹谐振腔，利用输出耦合率分别为41%、58%、76%的输出镜进行了优化实验。在增益池温度为160 ℃时，采用输出耦合率为76%的输出镜，获得了峰值功率最高为16.8 W 的中心波长为795 nm 的铷激光输出，光-光转换效率为35%，斜率效率为44.2%。

DOI: 10.3788/cjl201643.0302004

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为了获得高效半导体抽运碱金属蒸气激光器，采用布儒斯特角结构的增益池，有效地提高了激光的单程透射率，p偏振的激光单程透射率达到97%。采用长度为1 cm 的增益池，其内填充碱金属铷蒸气作为增益介质和压强为79.99 kPa的甲烷作为缓冲气体。采用中心波长为780 nm，线宽为0.1 nm，功率为48 W 连续输出的半导体激光器作为抽运源。为了降低增益池内的热效应，采用斩波器将抽运光转化成脉冲形式输出，脉冲宽度为1.85 ms，重复频率为15 Hz，占空比2.77%。采用12 cm 的平凹谐振腔，利用输出耦合率分别为41%、58%、76%的输出镜进行了优化实验。在增益池温度为160 ℃时，采用输出耦合率为76%的输出镜，获得了峰值功率最高为16.8 W 的中心波长为795 nm 的铷激光输出，光-光转换效率为35%，斜率效率为44.2%。

自旋交换碰撞导致的原子相干性破坏（弛豫）是影响地磁勘探中使用的原子磁力仪灵敏度的重要因素，特别是在高温、非弱磁的情况下为主要影响因素。本文使用光致压窄（light narrowing）效应对其进行限制，通过调节泵浦光的光强与波长来提高原子的极化率，抑制自旋交换碰撞弛豫带来的磁共振线宽的展宽，进而提高磁力仪灵敏度。通过建立钾原子磁力仪理论模型，针对多种变量进行优化，分析其中的不同弛豫过程以及光致压窄效应对原子磁力仪灵敏度的提升。计算结果表明，在一般条件下对于2 cm×2 cm×2 cm的原子气室，温度为200 ℃时，将泵浦率由0 Hz提升到620 Hz，可以将磁共振响应线宽由25 kHz压窄至312 Hz，此时有最优灵敏度为0.171 fT/Hz1/2。计算结果揭示了泵浦光导致的光致展宽和自旋交换碰撞弛豫消除两种机制的竞争关系，并优化了系统参数对磁力计灵敏度的影响。

We report a quasicontinuous wave (CW) linearly polarized rubidium vapor laser. The pumping source consists of five laser diode bars and its linewidth is reduced from the raw 1.8 to 0.2 nm by a bulk volume Bragg grating. Instead of adopting the “quasi-waveguide structure” gain cell, the pumping light of the rubidium vapor laser propagates freely in the vapor cell. The pumping light with polarization perpendicular to one of the rubidium laser is coupled into the resonator cavity by the polarized beam splitter. This laser configuration is suitable for a convection-cooling diode-pumped alkali vapor laser.

The alkali atom concentration plays an important role in the performance of a diode pumped alkali vapor laser (DPAL). At the rubidium DPAL operational region, the alkali concentration is as high as 1 0 13 − 1 0 14 c m − 3 , which is “optically thick,” or opaque, for the 780 nm or 795 nm doublet D lines when the traditional scanning absorption spectrum method is used for concentration measurement. To solve this problem, we propose the use of a probe laser of 420 nm, which corresponds to the 5 2 S 1 / 2 to 6 2 P 3 / 2 transition and has a lower absorption cross section compared to the D-line doublet. Due to the moderate absorption strength at a fixed 420 nm probe wavelength, we realized fast, online measurement of the Rb concentration in a real-world DPAL. By combining it with the quasi-two-level model, we further provided the population distribution in the lower three energy levels. This fast, online diagnostic method could be well applied in DPAL concentration measurement, and could show the dynamics of a laser’s performance.

We have developed a versatile pulsed laser system for high precision magnetometry. The operating wavelength of the system can be configured to optically pump alkali vapors such as rubidium and cesium. The laser system consists of an auto-locked, interference filter stabilized, external cavity diode laser (ECDL), a tapered waveguide amplifier, and a pulsing module. The auto-locking controller can be used by an untrained operator to stabilize the laser frequency with respect to a library of atomic, molecular, and solid-state spectral markers. The ECDL output can be amplified from 20 mW to 2 W in continuous wave (CW) mode. The pulsing module, which includes an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), can generate pulses with durations of 20 ns and repetition rates of several MHz. Accordingly, the laser system is well suited for applications such as gravimetry, magnetometry, and differential absorption lidar. In this work, we focus on magnetometric applications and demonstrate that the laser source is suitable for optically pumping rubidium vapor. We also describe numerical simulations of optical pumping relevant to the rubidium D1 and D2 transitions at 795 nm and 780 nm respectively. These studies are relevant to the design and construction of a new generation of portable, rubidium, spin exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers, capable of sensitivities of 1 fT Hz-1/2 1.