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Schr\"odinger Cat States Generation by Synthetic Spin-orbit Interaction in Fock-state Lattices

Da‐Wei Wang, Han Cai, Ren‐Bao Liu, Marlan O. Scully

Published Feb 25, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We show that Schrodinger cat states of photons can be prepared with effective magnetic fields gated by the quantum states of a two-level atom interacting with three cavities. By periodically modulating the cavity frequencies with different phases, opposite effective magnetic fields in the Fock-state lattice of cavity photons can be created for the two quantum states of the atom. A superposition of atomic states can guide photons from one cavity to a macroscopic superposition of the other two cavities. This mechanism provides a new platform for exploring quantum information and topological physics in novel lattices.

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We show that Schrodinger cat states of photons can be prepared with effective magnetic fields gated by the quantum states of a two-level atom interacting with three cavities. By periodically modulating the cavity frequencies with different phases, opposite effective magnetic fields in the Fock-state lattice of cavity photons can be created for the two quantum states of the atom. A superposition of atomic states can guide photons from one cavity to a macroscopic superposition of the other two cavities. This mechanism provides a new platform for exploring quantum information and topological physics in novel lattices.
Schr\odinger cat states of photons can be prepared by effective gauge fields gated by the quantum states of a two-level atom interacting with three cavities. By periodically modulating the cavity frequencies with different phases, opposite effective gauge fields of cavity photons can be created for the two quantum states of the atom. A superposition of atomic states can transport photons from one cavity to a macroscopic superposition of the other two cavities. This mechanism provides new possibilities in exploring quantum entanglement and has applications in quantum metrology and quantum information.
Mesoscopic superposition states of photons can be prepared in three cavities interacting with the same two-level atom. By periodically modulating the three cavity frequencies around the transition frequency of the atom with a 2π/3 phase difference, the time reversal symmetry is broken and an optical circulator is generated with chiralities depending on the quantum state of the atom. A superposition of the atomic states can guide photons from one cavity to a mesoscopic superposition of the other two cavities. The physics can be understood in a finite spin-orbit-coupled Fock-state lattice where the atom and the cavities carry the spin and the orbit degrees of freedom, respectively. This scheme can be realized in circuit QED architectures and provides a new platform for exploring quantum information and topological physics in novel lattices.
Based on the measurement of charge states, we show that the superpositions of two macroscopically distinguishable coherent states (Schr\\"odinger cat states) of a single-mode cavity field can be generated by a controllable interaction between a cavity field and a SQUID-based charge qubit. After such cat states of the cavity field are created, the interaction can be switched off by the classical magnetic field through the SQUID, and there is no information transfer between the cavity field and the charge qubit. We also discuss the generation of superpositions of two squeezed coherent states.
The interactions between light and matter are strongly enhanced when atoms are placed in high-finesse quantum cavities, offering tantalizing opportunities for generating exotic new quantum phases. In this work we show that both spin-orbit interactions and strong synthetic magnetic fields result when a neutral atom is confined within a ring cavity, whenever the internal atomic states are coupled to two off-resonant counter-propagating modes. We diagonalize the resulting cavity polariton Hamiltonian and find characteristic spin-orbit dispersion relations for a wide range of parameters. An adjustable uniform gauge potential is also generated, which can be converted into a synthetic magnetic field for neutral atoms by applying an external magnetic field gradient. Very large synthetic magnetic fields are possible, as the strength is proportional to the (average) number of photons in each of the cavity modes. The results suggest that strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics can be a useful environment for the formation of topological states in atomic systems.
A simple method is presented for generating multicomponent Schrödinger cat states through resonant atom-field interactions. In the scheme n two-level atoms, initially in ground states, are sent through a resonant cavity filled with a strong coherent field sequentially. Then state-selective measurements are performed on the atoms. The detections of the atoms in ground states collapse the cavity field onto a superposition of 2 n coherent states. This is the first way for producing superpositions of many coherent states through resonant atom-field interaction.