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Single-atom cavity enhanced absorption with injected squeezed vacuum

Perry R. Rice, Leno M. Pedrotti

Published May 21, 1990• 0 citations
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Abstract

The basic model considered in this paper, single-atom cavity enhanced absorption (SACEA),1-2 consists of a single two-level atom inside a driven optical cavity. The single-ended cavity has a loss rate κ, and the classical single-mode field inserted into the cavity is E. The coupling constant between the cavity mode and the atom is g. The spontaneous emission rate to all modes of the field other than the privileged cavity mode, which is less than the free space Einstein A coefficient, is given by γ. This paper generalizes earlier results to include a broadband squeezed vacuum field injected into the output port of the cavity.

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The basic model considered in this paper, single-atom cavity enhanced absorption (SACEA),1-2 consists of a single two-level atom inside a driven optical cavity. The single-ended cavity has a loss rate κ, and the classical single-mode field inserted into the cavity is E. The coupling constant between the cavity mode and the atom is g. The spontaneous emission rate to all modes of the field other than the privileged cavity mode, which is less than the free space Einstein A coefficient, is given by γ. This paper generalizes earlier results to include a broadband squeezed vacuum field injected into the output port of the cavity.
We consider a single two-level atom in an optical cavity, in which the system is driven by a coherent driving field. In the bad-cavity limit, when the cavity loss rate is taken to be large compared to the atomic decay rate and atom-field coupling, the cavity field can be adiabatically eliminated from the equations of motion for the atomic operators. The main effect of the cavity in this limit is the enhancement of spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. For this model, the second-order intensity correlation function g(2)() has been shown to exhibit photon antibunching, sub-Poissonian photon number distributions, and other nonclassical effects.1 In this paper, analytic results are presented for g(2)() for both the transmitted and fluorescent light fields when broadband squeezed light is injected into the cavity. Effects of the squeezing on nonclassical behavior is examined.
We consider a two-level atom in an optical cavity driven by a coherent field and coupled to broadband squeezed vacuum. In the bad-cavity limit, the cavity field can be adiabatically eliminated, leaving equations of motion for atomic operators similar to those of free-space resonance fluorescence. We calculate the incoherent spectrum of the fluorescent light field and find that the cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission can be suppressed, and a subnatural linewidth obtained, for the correct choice of the phase of the squeezed input relative to the coherent driving field.
A quantum theory of spontaneous emission from an initially excited two-level atom in a one-dimensional optical cavity with output coupling from both sides is developed. Orthonormal mode functions with a continuous spectrum are employed, which are derived by imposing a periodic boundary condition on the whole space with a period much larger than the cavity length. The delay differential equation of the atomic state of Cook and Milonni [Phys. Rev. A 35, 5081 (1987)] is re-derived in a strict manner, where the reflectivity of the cavity mirrors is included naturally in the mode functions. An approximate solution at a single-resonant-mode limit shows the results of ``vacuum'' Rabi oscillation in an underdamped cavity and enhanced spontaneous emission rate in an overdamped cavity. For the latter case, it is found that in the optical range the spontaneous emission rate is enhanced by a factor F (finesse of the cavity).
We study the generation of atomic-squeezed states in an optical cavity. The cavity encloses a pair of two-level atoms and is coupled to a broadband squeezed vacuum. Using the bad-cavity limit, cavity field is adiabatically eliminated to obtain the equations of motion for collective atomic operators. These equations are then employed to obtain the atomic density-matrix elements and to study the generation of atomic-squeezed states in the steady state. To characterize atomic-squeezed states we use the squeezing parameter defined recently by Wineland et al. [Phys. Rev. A 46, 6797 (1992)] for spectroscopic purposes. The aforementioned parameter is also compared with the squeezing parameter obtained from the uncertainty principle satisfied by the collective atomic operators. We show that in a cavity arrangement, unlike free space, atomic-squeezed states can be generated only for a restricted range of values of the parameters \ensuremath{\lambda} and N which characterize the cavity and the squeezed field driving the cavity, respectively. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
As a realistic system for observing the distinctive features of the interaction of squeezed light with atoms, we consider a single, coherently driven, two-level atom in a resonant optical cavity coupled to a broadband squeezed vacuum field. In the bad cavity limit we derive equations of motion for the atomic operators that are identical to those for the free-space situation, except for having modified parameters. We focus our attention on the resonance fluorescence from this system and show that, in the above limit, many of the unusual spectral features previously reported for the free atom situation persist. We also confirm the link between these anomalous spectra and the collapse of an atom into a pure state. The cavity parameter values needed to verify some of these interesting effects appear to be within the range of present day technology. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.