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Acta Physica Sinica

The effects of quantum measurement on an excited Λ-type atom in three-dimensional photonic crystal

Huang Xian-Shan, Xie Shuang-Yuan, Yang Ya-Ping, 同济大学物理系，上海 200092

Published Jan 1, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the effects of quantum measurements on the decay of an excited Λ-type atom embedded in anisotropic photonic crystal. It is found that the decay of the atom can be suppressed os accelerated by the quantum measurements. This depends on the relative positions of the upper levels of the atom from the band edge and the frequency of the quantum measurements. Due to the effects of the anisotropic photonic crystal, the decay suppression effect can be obtained in relatively low frequencies of the quantum measurement.

DOI
10.7498/aps.55.2269

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We have studied the effects of quantum measurements on the decay of an excited Λ-type atom embedded in anisotropic photonic crystal. It is found that the decay of the atom can be suppressed os accelerated by the quantum measurements. This depends on the relative positions of the upper levels of the atom from the band edge and the frequency of the quantum measurements. Due to the effects of the anisotropic photonic crystal, the decay suppression effect can be obtained in relatively low frequencies of the quantum measurement.
The radiative characteristics and the decay properties of a Λ-type excited atom embedded in anisotropic photonic crystals are studied. It is found that the dynamic properties of the atom and the propagating characteristics of the emitted field are apparently influenced by the relative position of the upper level from the forbidden gap and the two lower levels. By Von Neumann measurement, the effects of measurements on the decaying atom are investigated. The frequent projection on the excited state can lead to decay suppression or an acceleration effect at rather low repetition rates, depending on the frequency of measurements and the relative position of the upper level from the photonic crystals band edge.
We study the measurement-induced suppression or acceleration of the radiative decay of an atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. Due to the presence of a band gap in the electromagnetic density of states, repeated projections onto the excited state of the atom can lead to a suppression or acceleration effect already at rather low repetition rates. It is shown that in contrast to the isotropic band-gap materials, both suppression and acceleration effects are possible, depending on the detuning of the atomic transition from the band edge and the frequency of measurements.
For a three-level Λ-type atom embedded in three-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs), the upper state population and spontaneous emission spectra are investigated with both transitions coupled to the same modified reservoir. By using an anisotropic dispersion model the analytic expressions of the upper state population and spontaneous emission spectra were obtained. The upper state population reaches a steady state value with a slight oscillation, and the spectra show a non-Lorentzian for both transition frequencies inside the band gap.
Dynamic and radiative properties of a Λ-type atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal with a driven field are investigated. The time-evolution properties of the atom and the characteristics of the emission field are greatly affected by the position of the upper level relative to the forbidden gap. Also studied are the influence of the intensity of the external field, the detuning from resonant frequency, and the background decay parameter on the dynamic properties of the atom. The energy of the propagation field is translated partly into the form of the diffusion field during the propagating process. The spectra of the propagation component and diffusive component are dependent on the distance from the atom.
The dynamical properties and spectrum characteristics of a Λ-type atom with an external field embedded in three-dimensional photonic crystals are investigated . With the help of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, we find that the populations of the upper and lower levels display quasi-oscillation, and the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation is greatly affected by the intensity of the external-driving field Ω, the detuning δ and the background decay of the upper level γ. Ｓpontaneous emission of the atom is apparently influenced by the relative position of the upper level from the forbidden gap. Furthermore, the properties of the emission field around the atom are analyzed by means of s pontaneous emission spectrum.
We investigate the spontaneous radiation from a two-level atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal with two bands. The properties of the spontaneous emission are dependent strongly on the position of the upper level. The faster and slower decay components can occur in the emitted field, but it does not mean the existence of both accelerated and inhibited components for the atomic population decay. The radiation spectrum is dependent on the location of the observer. We also study the influence of the existence of the two bands on spontaneous emission, Lamb shift, the emitted field, and the radiation spectrum.