Analysis of many-body Hamiltonian systems in quantum information

Venelin P. Pavlov, Yoana R. Chorbadzhiyska, Charlie Nation +2 more

We theoretically investigate parameter quantum estimation in quantum chaotic systems. Our analysis is based on an effective description of non-integrable quantum systems in terms of a random matrix Hamiltonian. Based on this approach we derive an analytical expression for the time evolution of the quantum Fisher information. We test our random matrix theory prediction with the exact diagonalization of a non-integrable spin system, focusing on the estimation of a local magnetic field by measurements of the many-body state. Our numerical calculations agree with the effective random matrix theory approach and show that the information on the local Hamiltonian parameter is distributed throughout the quantum system during the quantum thermalization process. Our analysis shows a first stage in which the initial information spread is quadratic in time which quickly passes into linear increase with slope determine by the decay rate of the measured spin observable. When the information is fully spread among all degrees of freedom a second quadratic time scale determines the long time behaviour of the quantum Fisher information.

Atanu Rajak

Aparajita Bhattacharyya, Debarupa Saha, Ujjwal Sen

We analyze the scaling of quantum Fisher information with the number of system particles in the limit of large number of particles, as a function of the number of parties interacting with each other, for encoding Hamiltonians having arbitrary-body interactions. We find that estimation of coupling strength of such arbitrary-body encoding Hamiltonians provide a super-Heisenberg scaling that increases monotonically with an increase in the number of interacting particles, in the limit of large number of system particles. Moreover, we also find that the optimal probes corresponding to Hamiltonians that contain even-body interaction terms, may be entangled, but certainly not so in all bipartitions, and particularly, it is possible to attain optimal precision using asymmetric probes. Thereby we find a complementarity in the requirement of asymmetry and genuine entanglement in optimal probes for estimating strength of odd- and even-body interactions respectively. Additionally, we provide an upper bound on the number of parties up to which one can always obtain an asymmetric product state that gives the best metrological precision for even-body interactions. En route, we find the quantum Fisher information in closed form for two- and three-body interactions for arbitrary number of parties. We also provide an analysis of the case when the Hamiltonian contains local fields and up to k-body interaction terms, where the strength of interaction gradually decreases with an increase in the number of parties interacting with each other. Interestingly, we find a similar dichotomy in the nature of the optimal probe in this case as well. Further, we identify conditions on the local component of the Hamiltonian, for which this dichotomy is still shown to exist for two- and three-body encoding Hamiltonians with arbitrary local dimensions.

Hailong Shi, Xi-Wen Guan, Jing Yang

Quantum many-body interactions can induce quantum entanglement among particles, rendering them valuable resources for quantum-enhanced sensing. In this work, we establish a link between the bound on the growth of the quantum Fisher information and the Lieb-Robinson bound, which characterizes the operator growth in locally interacting quantum many-body systems. We show that for initial separable states, despite the use of local many-body interactions, the precision cannot surpass the shot noise limit at all times. This conclusion also holds for an initial state that is the nondegenerate ground state of a local and gapped Hamiltonian. These findings strongly hint that when one can only prepare separable initial states, nonlocal and long-range interactions are essential resources for surpassing the shot noise limit. This observation is confirmed through numerical analysis on the long-range Ising model. Our results bridge the field of many-body quantum sensing and operator growth in many-body quantum systems and open the possibility to investigate the interplay between quantum sensing and control, many-body physics and information scrambling.

Remigiusz Augusiak, Fernando Cucchietti, Maciej Lewenstein