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The ASACUSA experiment at CERN's AD antiproton decelerator catches antiprotons in helium, where the antiprotons replace electrons, giving exotics atoms.

Patrice Loïez

Published Jul 19, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Photo 03: Laser beams are prepared for shooting at antiprotonic helium atoms. Left to right: Masaki Hori (Tokyo University) and John Eades (CERN). Photo 01: Dye laser triggered by "YAG" laser. Photo 02: Masaki Hori adjusting optical system of laser beams.

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Antiproton, the antiparticle of proton, is a unique projectile in the study of atomic collision physics, which can be treated theoretically either as a `negative proton' or a `heavy electron'. Atomic capture of an antiproton will result in formation of a highly excited exotic atom. Antiprotonic helium atom has been studied intensively by means of precision laser spectroscopy, which has led to a stringent determination of antiproton mass and charge to a level of ppb. Comparison of these values with those of proton gives one of the best tests of CPT invariance, the most fundamental symmetry in physics. However, the dynamic processes of antiproton capture remain unclarified, except for some indirect information given by those optical and X-ray observations. With an aim to produce an antiproton beam at atomic-physics energies for `pure' collision experiments, we have so far developed techniques to decelerate, cool and confine antiprotons in vacuo, using a sequential combination of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN, a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator (RFQD), and an electromagnetic trap. Our recent success in stable extraction of monoenergetic ultra-slow antiprotons, about 3×105 in number available every 5 minutes, has opened up the possibility to study ionization and atomic capture processes between an antiproton thus provided as a beam and an atom prepared in the form of a supersonic gas-jet target, at an unprecedented low energy from 10 eV to 1 keV under the single-collision condition. Our design and strategy of the cross-beam experiments are discussed.

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A semiclassical, many-body atomic model incorporating a momentum-dependent Heisenberg core to stabilize atomic electrons is used to study antiproton capture on helium. Details of the antiproton collisions leading to eventual capture are presented, including the energy and angular-momentum states of incident antiprotons which result in capture via single- or double-electron ionization, i.e., into ${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} or ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, and the distribution of energy and angular-momentum states following the Auger cascade. These final states are discussed in light of recently reported anomalously long-lived antiproton states observed in liquid He [Iwasaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1246 (1991)].

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Antiproton, the antiparticle of proton, is a unique projectile in the study of atomic collision physics, which can be treated theoretically either as a `negative proton' or a `heavy electron'. Atomic capture of an antiproton will result in formation of a highly excited exotic atom. Antiprotonic helium atom has been studied intensively by means of precision laser spectroscopy, which has led to a stringent determination of antiproton mass and charge to a level of ppb. Comparison of these values with those of proton gives one of the best tests of CPT invariance, the most fundamental symmetry in physics. However, the dynamic processes of antiproton capture remain unclarified, except for some indirect information given by those optical and X-ray observations. With an aim to produce an antiproton beam at atomic-physics energies for `pure' collision experiments, we have so far developed techniques to decelerate, cool and confine antiprotons in vacuo, using a sequential combination of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN, a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator (RFQD), and an electromagnetic trap. Our recent success in stable extraction of monoenergetic ultra-slow antiprotons, about 3×105 in number available every 5 minutes, has opened up the possibility to study ionization and atomic capture processes between an antiproton thus provided as a beam and an atom prepared in the form of a supersonic gas-jet target, at an unprecedented low energy from 10 eV to 1 keV under the single-collision condition. Our design and strategy of the cross-beam experiments are discussed.
Ultra slow mono-energetic antiproton beams are under preparation combining novel techniques to decelerate antiprotons with an RFQD (Radio Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator), to trap, cool, and compress in an electromagnetic trap, and finally to extract as an ultra slow mono-energetic beam. This unique beam will make it possible to study the ionization processes around adiabatic energy regions, channeling, stopping power, antiprotonic atom formation processes under single collision conditions, to prepare metastable antiprotonic atoms such as p̄p, p̄He+, p̄He++, p̄Li+ in vacuum, and to make high precision laser spectroscopy of them. This project named ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) is expected to open a new physics regime in antimatter science under well controlled conditions.
Recently, a new project, ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons), has started, which aims at studying collision dynamics with slow antiprotons and high precision spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms. It is expected that the ultra slow monoenergetic antiproton beams will open a new physics regime relating to antimatter science under very well controlled conditions. In the present report, several research plans, which includes ionization, excitation, stopping power, channeling, antiprotonic atom formation, high resolution antiprotonic atom spectroscopy, etc. are discussed. The way to prepare ultra slow antiprotons is also presented.
Laser studies of metastable antiprotonic helium atoms, which we recently initiated by observing a sharp increase of the antiproton annihilation rate induced by laser-stimulated resonant transitions, have been extended. With a single laser tuned to the resonance already found at 597.26 nm, we have now established the time dependence of the upper state population. With two lasers ignited at variable time separation, we also studied the feeding of the upper state from higher atomic levels. The initial populations and level lifetimes of excited exotic atoms were determined.
A semiclassical, many-body atomic model incorporating a momentum-dependent Heisenberg core to stabilize atomic electrons is used to study antiproton capture on helium. Details of the antiproton collisions leading to eventual capture are presented, including the energy and angular-momentum states of incident antiprotons which result in capture via single- or double-electron ionization, i.e., into He2+{\mathrm{He}}^{2+}He2+p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} or He+{\mathrm{He}}^{+}He+p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, and the distribution of energy and angular-momentum states following the Auger cascade. These final states are discussed in light of recently reported anomalously long-lived antiproton states observed in liquid He [Iwasaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1246 (1991)].