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Quantum-Atom Optics Downunder (QAO)

Storing Information in Nanoporous Silica through Light Controlled Rb Cluster Growth and Demolition

L. Moi, A. Burchianti, Andrea Bogi, C. Marinelli, E. Mariotti

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that, in nanoporous glass loaded with rubidium, atomic photodesorption and confinement determine a new regime where, depending on light frequency, atoms move from pore surface to clusters and vice versa. This process modifies the optical properties of porous glass which turns blue when clusters grow up and turns back transparent when they dissolve. Therefore light works as a pencil or as an eraser and clusters work as ink. This effect allows for printing/wiping out images and for keeping memory of the light color pulse sequence for quite long time.

DOI
10.1364/qao.2007.qme29

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We demonstrate that, in nanoporous glass loaded with rubidium, atomic photodesorption and confinement determine a new regime where, depending on light frequency, atoms move from pore surface to clusters and vice versa. This process modifies the optical properties of porous glass which turns blue when clusters grow up and turns back transparent when they dissolve. Therefore light works as a pencil or as an eraser and clusters work as ink. This effect allows for printing/wiping out images and for keeping memory of the light color pulse sequence for quite long time.
We observe reversible light assisted formation and evaporation of rubidium clusters embedded in nanoporous silica. Metallic nanoparticles are cyclically produced and evaporated by weak blue-green and near-infrared light, respectively. The atoms photodetached from the huge surface of the silica matrix build up clusters, whereas cluster evaporation is increased by induced surface plasmon excitation. Frequency tuning of light activates either one process or the other and the related changes of glass transparency become visible to the naked eye. We demonstrate that the porous silica, loaded with rubidium, shows memory of illumination sequences behaving as a rereadable and rewritable optical medium. These processes take place as a consequence of the strong confinement of atoms and particles at the nanoscale.
We report reversible phase transformations in Rb loaded-porous glass irradiated with weak laser light which allow us to realize image storage on it. The effect is due to photo-induced changes of Rb distribution inside the glass pores, where atomic photodetachment and confinement produce either formation or evaporation of Rb nanoclusters. These processes depend on light frequency and intensity making controllable by light the porous glass transparency. We demonstrate that porous glass doped with Rb can be used as a support to record a light pulse for a long time as well as to remember the order of light colors in an illumination sequence.
The study of light induced processes on atoms and nanoparticles confined in organic films or in dielectric structures is motivated both by fundamental interest and applications in optics and photonics. Depending on the light intensity and frequency and the kind of confinement, different processes can be activated. Among them photodesorption processes have a key role. Non thermal light induced atomic desorption has been observed from siloxane and paraffin films previously exposed to alkali vapors. This effect has been extensively investigated and used both to develop photo-atom sources and to load magneto-optical traps. Recently we observed huge photodesorption of alkali atoms embedded in nanoporous silica. In this case the atomic photodesorption causes, by properly tuning the light frequency, either formation or evaporation of clusters inside the silica matrix. Green-blue light desorbs isolated adatoms from the glass surface eventually producing clusters, whereas red-near infrared (NIR) light causes cluster evaporation due to direct excitation of surface plasmon oscillations. Green-blue light induces cluster formation taking advantage of the dense atomic vapor, which diffuses through the glass nano-cavities. Both processes are reversible and even visible to the naked eye. By alternatively illuminating the porous glass sample with blue-green and red-NIR light we demonstrate that the glass remembers the illumination sequences behaving as an effective rereadable and rewritable optical medium.
We study the influence of optical radiation on adsorption and desorption processes of alkali metal atoms confined in nanoporous glass matrices. Exposure of the sample to near-IR or visible light changes the atomic distribution inside the glass nanopores, forcing the entire system to evolve towards a different state. This effect, due to both atomic photodesorption and confinement, causes the growth and evaporation of metastable nanoparticles. It is shown that, by a proper choice of light characteristics and pore size, these processes can be controlled and tailored, thus opening new perspectives for fabrication of nanostructured surfaces.
Huge light-induced rubidium atom desorption has been observed from porous silica samples placed inside Pyrex cells kept at room temperature. The desorption rate and the maximum vapour density change have been measured as a function of the desorbing light intensity. Their values are comparable with those recently obtained in Pyrex cells coated with organic films. A linear dependence of the desorption rate and a square-root dependence of the maximum density increase on light intensity indicate that diffusion inside the glass pores is a key mechanism. The application of this effect to develop light-controlled atomic dispensers compatible with high vacuum environment is discussed.
We stabilize the Rb vapor density above its thermal equilibrium value in sealed glass cells, which are generally used in atomic physics experiments. The method relies on light-induced desorption of Rb atoms from dielectric surfaces. The process does not demand high light intensities so that LEDs or laser diodes can be used as desorbing sources. The experiments are carried out in Pyrex cells either coated with a polydimethylsiloxane film or containing a porous glass sample. Under illumination both the organic coating and the porous sample release a large amount of Rb atoms into the cell volume. We show that the Rb vapor density can be maintained to a preset value, using a desorbing light intensity controlled by a feedback signal given by the Rb absorption or fluorescence level. Moreover, we find that the stabilization technique does not depend on the microscopic mechanisms underlying photodesorption.