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Efficient coupling of emission of embedded single photon sources within optical fibres

M. Henderson, Shahraam Afshar Vahid, Andrew D. Greentree, Heike Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We investigate the coupling of single photon emission from diamond colour centres embedded within the fibre core into the fibre’s guided modes. By approximating diamond colour centre emission as a dipole, we investigate the capture power for different core sizes and for various locations and orientations of the emitting dipole. We then use finite-difference time domain methods to check predictions of this calculation.

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•Dec 1, 2014•0 citations
We investigate the coupling of single photon emission from diamond colour centres embedded within the fibre core into the fibre’s guided modes. By approximating diamond colour centre emission as a dipole, we investigate the capture power for different core sizes and for various locations and orientations of the emitting dipole. We then use finite-difference time domain methods to check predictions of this calculation.
Single photon emitters coupled to optical fibers are becoming important as sources of non-classical light and nano-scale sensors. At present it is not possible to efficiently interface single photon emitters with the optical fiber platform, and there are particular challenges associated with the need to ensure highly efficient collection and delivery of emitted photons. To model single particle emission, we have considered the coupling of a dipole to an optical fiber mode as a function of orientation and position with respect to the core-cladding interface. Our model shows that it is possible to significantly enhance the collection efficiency into the guided modes as a result of modifications to the dipole emission pattern and power resulting from the surrounding fiber environment. For certain geometries the fiber-dipole coupling can result in a factor of 2.6 increase in the power emitted by the dipole.
Efficient single photon sources are a crucial component for quantum key distribution, may be pivotal in the development of realizable quantum computers, and are a requisite for numerous lines of scientific enquiry. We show progress in coupling colour centres in diamond to novel open access microcavities with the potential of creating highly efficient single photon devices. Finite difference time domain results support the design of microcavities with specific radii of curvature. These cavities can then be produced with unparalleled fidelity to the modelled specification with a focused ion beam milling procedure. These cavities are then used for controlled coupling of nitrogen vacancy centers’ zero-phonon lines at low temperatures.
On-demand, high repetition rate sources of indistinguishable, polarized single photons are the key component for future photonic quantum technologies (O'Brien et al 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 687–95). Colour centres in diamond offer a promising solution, and the narrow linewidth of the recently identified nickel-based NE8 centre makes it particularly appealing for realizing the transform-limited sources necessary for quantum interference. Here, we report the characterization of dipole orientation and coherence properties of a single NE8 colour centre in a diamond nanocrystal at room temperature. We observe a single-photon coherence time of 0.21 ps and an emission lifetime of 1.5 ns. Combined with an emission wavelength that is ideally suited for applications in existing quantum optical systems, these results show that NE8 is a far more promising source than the more commonly studied nitrogen-vacancy centre and point the way to the realization of a practical diamond colour centre-based single-photon source.
The nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond (NV centre) is a leading candidate for solid-state implementations of quantum information technologies. Among other useful properties, it is a bright source of single photons. It is difficult, though, to collect the emitted photons in a single spatial and spectral mode which is often needed for quantum information applications. One way to improve the single-mode collection efficiency is to embed an NV centre in a high-finesse cavity. The coupling of the NV centre dipole to the cavity mode gives rise to the Purcell enhancement -- an increase of the emission into the cavity's spectral and spatial mode. The goal of this project will be to develop a fibre-based microcavity and to use it for the observation of enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond nanocrystal. It will involve a wide range of experimental techniques, for example basic optics (particularly Gaussian beam propagation), CO2 laser ablation, surface analysis by optical and atomic force microscopes, interferometry, photon counting, etc. There will also be a certain amount of data analysis, simulations and theoretical calculations.