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Chinese Physics B

Diverse solid and supersolid phases of bosons in a triangular lattice

Qi-Hui Chen, Peng Li

Published May 1, 2014• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the ground state of bosons with long-range interactions in the large U limit on a triangular lattice. By mapping this system to the spin-1/2 XXZ model in a magnetic field, we can apply the spin wave theory to this study. We demonstrate how to construct the phase diagrams within the spin wave theory. The phase diagrams are given in an extensive parameter region, where, besides the superfluid phase, diverse solid and supersolid phases are shown to exist in this model. Especially, we find that the phase diagram obtained in this method is consistent with the one obtained previously using numerical techniques in the Ising limit. This confirms the effectiveness of our method. We analyze the stability of all the obtained supersolids and show that they will not be ruined by the quantum fluctuations. We observe that the quantum fluctuations in the stripe supersolid phase could be enhanced by the external field. We also discuss the relevance of our result with the experiment that may be realized with ultracold bosonic polar molecules in a triangular optical lattice.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/5/056701

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We investigate the ground state of bosons with long-range interactions in the large U limit on a triangular lattice. By mapping this system to the spin-1/2 XXZ model in a magnetic field, we can apply the spin wave theory to this study. We demonstrate how to construct the phase diagrams within the spin wave theory. The phase diagrams are given in an extensive parameter region, where, besides the superfluid phase, diverse solid and supersolid phases are shown to exist in this model. Especially, we find that the phase diagram obtained in this method is consistent with the one obtained previously using numerical techniques in the Ising limit. This confirms the effectiveness of our method. We analyze the stability of all the obtained supersolids and show that they will not be ruined by the quantum fluctuations. We observe that the quantum fluctuations in the stripe supersolid phase could be enhanced by the external field. We also discuss the relevance of our result with the experiment that may be realized with ultracold bosonic polar molecules in a triangular optical lattice.
We study the boson model on a triangular lattice interacting only via on-site hardcore repulsion by mapping to a system of spins (S=1/2)(S = 1/2)(S=1/2). We investigate the supersolid phase of the systems which is a state matter displaying both diagonal long- range (solid) order as well as off-diagonal long-range (superfluidity) by utilizing a semionic representation for the spin-XXZ model. We show that the supersolid order is stable in the mean-field theory for a broad region of parameters. The inclusion of spin wave corrections modifies this picture, but the supersolid phase is still quite robust on the triangular lattices.
Recent experiments with ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms have shown that long-range interactions can give rise to spatially ordered structures. Observation of crystalline phases in a system with Rydberg atoms loaded into an optical lattice seems also within reach. Here we investigate a bosonic model on a triangular lattice suitable for description of such experiments. Numerical simulations based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory reveal a rich phase diagram with different supersolid phases. Comparison with the results obtained for a square lattice geometry shows qualitatively similar results in a wide range of parameters; however, on a triangular lattice we do not observe the checkerboard supersolid. Moreover, unlike on a square lattice, we did not find a phase transition from uniform superfluid to supersolid induced by increase of the hopping amplitude on a triangular lattice. Based on our results, we propose an intuitive interpretation of the nature of different supersolid phases. We also propose parameters for the experimental realization.
We study the ground-state phase diagrams of hardcore bosons with long-range interactions on a square lattice using the linear spin-wave theory and a cluster mean-field method. Specifically, we consider the two types of long-range interaction: One consists only of the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions, and the other is the dipole-dipole interaction that decays with the interparticle distance rrr as $\ensuremath{\sim}$${r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. It is known from previous analyses by quantum Monte Carlo methods that a checkerboard supersolid (CSS) is absent in the ground-state phase diagram of the former case while it is present in the latter. In the former, we find that quantum fluctuations around mean-field solutions are enhanced by the direct competition between the checkerboard and striped solid orders and that they destabilize the CSS phase. On the other hand, the emergence of the CSS phase in the latter case can be attributed to the absence of such a competition with other solid orders. We also show that the cluster mean-field method allows for the determination of phase boundaries in a precise quantitative manner when scaling with respect to the cluster size is taken into account. It is found that the phase transition between the superfluid and the solid (or CSS) is of the first order in the vicinity of the particle-hole symmetric line.
We numerically demonstrate that a supersolid phase exists in a frustrated hard-core boson system on a triangular lattice over a wide range of interaction strength. In the infinite repulsion (Ising) limit, we establish a mapping to the same problem with unfrustrated hopping, which connects the supersolid to the known results in that case. The weak superfluidity can be destroyed or strongly enhanced by a next-nearest-neighbor hopping term, which provides valuable information for experimental realization of a supersolid phase on optical lattice. A phase diagram for the frustrated anisotropic Heisenberg model on triangular lattice is also established.
We analyse the ground-state quantum phase diagram of hardcore Bosons interacting with repulsive dipolar potentials. The bosons dynamics is described by the extended-Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian on a two-dimensional lattice. The ground state results from the interplay between the lattice geometry and the long-range interactions, which we account for by means of a classical spin mean-field approach limited by the size of the considered unit cells. This extended classical spin mean-field theory accounts for the long-range density-density interaction without truncation. We consider three different lattice geometries: square, honeycomb, and triangular. In the limit of zero hopping the ground state is always a devil’s staircase of solid (gapped) phases. Such crystalline phases with broken translational symmetry are robust with respect to finite hopping amplitudes. At intermediate hopping amplitudes, these gapped phases melt, giving rise to various lattice supersolid phases, which can have exotic features with multiple sublattice densities. At sufficiently large hoppings the ground state is a superfluid. The stability of phases predicted by our approach is gauged by comparison to the known quantum phase diagrams of the Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbour interactions as well as quantum Monte Carlo simulations for the dipolar case on the square and triangular lattice. Our results are of immediate relevance for experimental realisations of self-organised crystalline ordering patterns in analogue quantum simulators, e.g., with ultracold dipolar atoms in an optical lattice.
Using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations we study bosons hopping on a triangular lattice with nearest (V)(V)(V) and next-nearest $({V}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ neighbor repulsive interactions. In the limit where V=0V=0V=0 but ${V}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is large, we find an example of an unusual period-three striped supersolid state that is stable at 1∕21∕21∕2-filling. We discuss the relationship of this state to others on the rich ground-state phase diagram, which include a previously discovered supersolid, a uniform superfluid, as well as several Mott insulating phases. We study several superfluid- and supersolid-to-Mott phase transitions, including one proposed by a recent phenomenological dual vortex field theory as a candidate for an exotic deconfined quantum critical point. We find no examples of unconventional quantum criticality among any of the interesting phase transitions in the model.