On the duality of local observables

Ashok Narasimhan, Menas C. Kafatos

We approach wave particle duality, the role of the observer and implications on Retrocausality, by starting with the results of a well verified quantum experiment. We analyze how some current theoretical approaches interpret these results. We then provide an alternative theoretical framework that is consistent with the observations and in many ways simpler than usual attempts to account for retrocausality, involving a non-local conscious Observer.

H. J. Borchers

Pieter Naaijkens

We prove that Haag duality holds for cones in the toric code model. That is, for a cone Λ, the algebra $${\mathcal{R}_{\Lambda}}$$ of observables localized in Λ and the algebra $${\mathcal{R}_{\Lambda^c}}$$ of observables localized in the complement Λ c generate each other’s commutant as von Neumann algebras. Moreover, we show that the distal split property holds: if $${\Lambda_1 \subset \Lambda_2}$$ are two cones whose boundaries are well separated, there is a Type I factor $${\mathcal{N}}$$ such that $${\mathcal{R}_{\Lambda_1} \subset \mathcal{N} \subset \mathcal{R}_{\Lambda_2}}$$ . We demonstrate this by explicitly constructing $${\mathcal{N}}$$ .

Beloslav Riečan

Sarma N. Gullapalli

An Axiom is presented and justified which (a) Explains duality in interference without complementarity or “which way” (welcher-weg) observation (b) Shows the equivalence: Coherence and alignment ≡ Interference ≡ No “which way” observation; No coherence or alignment ≡ No interference ≡ “which way” observation (c) Explains Wheeler’s delayed choice thought experiment (d) Explains results of experimental implementations of Wheeler’s experiment which show retro-causality with and without entanglement (e) Explains non-local action at a distance, and (f) Rephrases Albert Einstein’s unanswered question “Is quantum mechanics complete?” at a more fundamental level than just duality and non-locality. The explanation given does not require that the particle (photon) somehow “know” about the test setup or “which way” observation or change its behavior from particle to wave and vice versa as required by currently accepted explanation based on Niels Bohr’s complementarity principle. No new assumptions are made, only a new complete interpretation of probability which is already a fundamental assumption of quantum mechanics.