Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Implementing one-photon three-qubit quantum gates using spatial light modulators

Ayman F. Abouraddy, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Timothy M. Yarnall, Malvin Carl Teich, Bahaa E. A. Saleh

Published Nov 8, 2012• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Increasing the information-carrying capacity of a single photon may be achieved by utilizing multiple degrees of freedom. We describe here an approach that utilizes two degrees of freedom to encode three qubits per photon: one in polarization and two in the spatial-parity symmetry of the transverse field. In this conception, a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator corresponds to a three-qubit controlled-unitary gate with one control qubit (polarization) and two target (spatial-parity-symmetry) qubits. We describe the construction of controlled-not (cnot), $\sqrt[n]{cnot}$, controlled-phase, and Fredkin gates, and the preparation of one-photon, three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and $W$ states. This approach enables simple optical implementations of few-qubit tasks in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.050303

Related papers

Single-photon three-qubit quantum logic using spatial light modulators

Kumel H. Kagalwala, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Ayman F. Abouraddy +1 more

The information-carrying capacity of a single photon can be vastly expanded by exploiting its multiple degrees of freedom: spatial, temporal, and polarization. Although multiple qubits can be encoded per photon, to date only two-qubit single-photon quantum operations have been realized. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of three-qubit single-photon, linear, deterministic quantum gates that exploit photon polarization and the two-dimensional spatial-parity-symmetry of the transverse single-photon field. These gates are implemented using a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator that provides a robust, non-interferometric, versatile platform for implementing controlled unitary gates. Polarization here represents the control qubit for either separable or entangling unitary operations on the two spatial-parity target qubits. Such gates help generate maximally entangled three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states, which is confirmed by tomographical reconstruction of single-photon density matrices. This strategy provides access to a wide range of three-qubit states and operations for use in few-qubit quantum information processing protocols.Photons are essential for quantum information processing, but to date only two-qubit single-photon operations have been realized. Here the authors demonstrate experimentally a three-qubit single-photon linear deterministic quantum gate by exploiting polarization along with spatial-parity symmetry.

Nature Communications•Sep 25, 2017•70 citations

Photonic Three-Qubit CNOT Gates Using Spatial Light Modulators

Kumel H. Kagalwala, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Ayman F. Abouraddy +1 more

We experimentally demonstrate linear and deterministic, single-photon three-qubit controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates implemented by a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator. The polarization qubit acts as the control, whereas the photon spatial-parity along x and y directions are the target qubits.

The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Implementation of Single-Photon Three-Qubit CNOT Gates Using Spatial Light Modulators

Kumel H. Kagalwala, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Ayman F. Abouraddy +1 more

We experimentally demonstrate linear single-photon three-qubit deterministic controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates implemented by a polarization- sensitive spatial light modulator. The polarization qubit controls the photon spatial-parity along the x and y directions. © 2013 The Optical Society.

Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation

Implementing an optical CNOT using spatial parity qubits

Kumel H. Kagalwala, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Ayman F. Abouraddy +1 more

We describe an optical implementation of a CNOT gate in which the control qubit is the polarization of a single photon and the target qubit is the spatial parity of the same photon. The gate is implemented with a polarization- sensitive spatial light modulator. We characterize the operation of the gate using quantum process tomography and the spatial parity is analyzed with a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We also demonstrate the CNOT-gate operation with arbitrary rotation of the target qubit and discuss the possibility of implementing multi-qubit CNOT gates using the same approach.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 13, 2011•0 citations

Encoding arbitrary four-qubit states in the spatial parity of a photon pair

Ayman F. Abouraddy, Timothy M. Yarnall, Giovanni Di Giuseppe +2 more

Advancing quantum information processing is predicated on the preparation of ever-larger multiqubit states. Photonic realizations of such states may be achieved by increasing the number of photons populating the state or the number of qubits encoded per photon. Typical approaches to the latter strategy utilize distinct degrees of freedom of the photon field. We present here an approach that encodes two qubits per photon in the spatial parity of its transverse spatial profile. Simple linear optical devices transform each parity qubit separately or the two qubits jointly. Furthermore, we demonstrate that entangled photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion may be used to prepare arbitrary four-qubit states through sculpting the spatial profile of the classical optical pump. Two examples are highlighted---the preparation of two-photon four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and $W$ states, whose encoding in a photon pair has thus far eluded other approaches.

Physical Review A•Jun 21, 2012•11 citations

Demonstration of Single-Photon Three-Qubit Quantum Logic with Spatial Light Modulators

Kumel H. Kagalwala, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Ayman F. Abouraddy +1 more

We experimentally demonstrate linear, deterministic, single-photon three-qubit quantum gates implemented by a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator and using polarization and spatial-parity qubits. We also prepare single-photon three-qubit GHZ and W states and present tomographic measurements.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
Increasing the information-carrying capacity of a single photon may be achieved by utilizing multiple degrees of freedom. We describe here an approach that utilizes two degrees of freedom to encode three qubits per photon: one in polarization and two in the spatial-parity symmetry of the transverse field. In this conception, a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator corresponds to a three-qubit controlled-unitary gate with one control qubit (polarization) and two target (spatial-parity-symmetry) qubits. We describe the construction of controlled-not (cnot), cnotn\sqrt[n]{cnot}ncnot​, controlled-phase, and Fredkin gates, and the preparation of one-photon, three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and WWW states. This approach enables simple optical implementations of few-qubit tasks in quantum information processing.
The information-carrying capacity of a single photon can be vastly expanded by exploiting its multiple degrees of freedom: spatial, temporal, and polarization. Although multiple qubits can be encoded per photon, to date only two-qubit single-photon quantum operations have been realized. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of three-qubit single-photon, linear, deterministic quantum gates that exploit photon polarization and the two-dimensional spatial-parity-symmetry of the transverse single-photon field. These gates are implemented using a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator that provides a robust, non-interferometric, versatile platform for implementing controlled unitary gates. Polarization here represents the control qubit for either separable or entangling unitary operations on the two spatial-parity target qubits. Such gates help generate maximally entangled three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states, which is confirmed by tomographical reconstruction of single-photon density matrices. This strategy provides access to a wide range of three-qubit states and operations for use in few-qubit quantum information processing protocols.Photons are essential for quantum information processing, but to date only two-qubit single-photon operations have been realized. Here the authors demonstrate experimentally a three-qubit single-photon linear deterministic quantum gate by exploiting polarization along with spatial-parity symmetry.
We describe an optical implementation of a CNOT gate in which the control qubit is the polarization of a single photon and the target qubit is the spatial parity of the same photon. The gate is implemented with a polarization- sensitive spatial light modulator. We characterize the operation of the gate using quantum process tomography and the spatial parity is analyzed with a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We also demonstrate the CNOT-gate operation with arbitrary rotation of the target qubit and discuss the possibility of implementing multi-qubit CNOT gates using the same approach.
Advancing quantum information processing is predicated on the preparation of ever-larger multiqubit states. Photonic realizations of such states may be achieved by increasing the number of photons populating the state or the number of qubits encoded per photon. Typical approaches to the latter strategy utilize distinct degrees of freedom of the photon field. We present here an approach that encodes two qubits per photon in the spatial parity of its transverse spatial profile. Simple linear optical devices transform each parity qubit separately or the two qubits jointly. Furthermore, we demonstrate that entangled photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion may be used to prepare arbitrary four-qubit states through sculpting the spatial profile of the classical optical pump. Two examples are highlighted---the preparation of two-photon four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and WWW states, whose encoding in a photon pair has thus far eluded other approaches.