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Chinese Physics B

Bound entanglement and teleportation for arbitrary bipartite systems

Jiao Fan, Hui Zhao

Published Oct 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We construct bound entangled states that are entangled but from which no entanglement can be distilled if all parties are allowed only by performing local operations and classical communications. Moreover, as applications, a detailed example is presented. This example can illuminate that the fidelity of transmission using a bound entangled state is not bigger than a classical scheme.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/22/10/100309

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We construct bound entangled states that are entangled but from which no entanglement can be distilled if all parties are allowed only by performing local operations and classical communications. Moreover, as applications, a detailed example is presented. This example can illuminate that the fidelity of transmission using a bound entangled state is not bigger than a classical scheme.
I show that two distant parties can transform a single copy of their pure entangled state to arbitrary pure state by stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC), if they share a single copy of bound entangled states. It has been known that this entanglement processing is impossible by SLOCC alone. This is the first example of the effect of bound entangled states on the entanglement processing for bipartite pure states. Further, I obtain the optimal attainable probability for several classes of states.
We show that the phenomenon of superadditivity of distillable entanglement observed in multipartite quantum systems results from the consideration of states created during the execution of the standard end-to-end quantum teleportation protocol [and a few additional local operations and classical communication (LOCC) steps] on a linear chain of singlets. Some of these intermediate states are tensor products of bound entangled (BE) states, and hence, by construction possess distillable entanglement, which can be unlocked by simply completing the rest of the LOCC operations required by the underlying teleportation protocol. We use this systematic approach to construct both new and known examples of superactivation of bound entanglement, and examples of activation of BE states using other BE states. A surprising outcome is the construction of noiseless quantum relay channels with no distillable entanglement between any two parties, except for that between the two end nodes.
I present a four-party unlockable bound entangled state, that is, a four-party quantum state which cannot be written in a separable form and from which no pure entanglement can be distilled by local quantum operations and classical communication among the parties, and yet when any two of the parties come together in the same laboratory they can perform a measurement which enables the other two parties to create a pure maximally entangled state between them without coming together. This unlocking ability can be viewed in two ways, either as a determination of which Bell state is shared in the mixture or as a kind of quantum teleportation with cancellation of Pauli operators.
Abstract An entangled state is bound entangled if one cannot combine any number of copies of the state to a maximally entangled state by using only local operations and classical communication. If one formalizes this notion of bound entanglement, one arrives immediately at four different definitions. In addition, at least three more definitions are commonly used in the literature, in particular in the very first paper on bound entanglement. Here we review critical distillation protocols and we examine how different results from quantum information theory interact in order to prove that all seven definitions are eventually equivalent. Our self-contained analysis unifies and extends previous results scattered in the literature and reveals details of the structure of bound entanglement.
Bound entangled states are states that are entangled but from which no entanglement can be distilled if all parties are allowed only local operations and classical communication. However, in creating these states one needs nonzero entanglement resources to start with. Here, the entanglement of two distinct multipartite bound entangled states is determined analytically in terms of a geometric measure of entanglement and a related quantity. The results are compared with those for the negativity and the relative entropy of entanglement.
We prove continuity of distillable entanglement, the optimal asymptotic rate at which copies of a bipartite state can be converted into maximally entangled pairs by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) with vanishing error. We establish an explicit asymptotic continuity bound that holds for arbitrary bipartite states and depends logarithmically on the system dimension. This bound has the same structure as known continuity bounds for conditional entropy, entanglement cost, and relative entropy of entanglement. Our proof constructs an explicit LOCC protocol that converts either of two arbitrary bipartite states into the other at an ebit cost that vanishes as their trace distance tends to zero.