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Switching control of quantum dynamics

Pierre Scaramuzza

Published Oct 14, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This work introduces a solution based on switching techniques for controlling open quantum systems. Assuming the existence of a shared steady state for a set of marginally stable generators of quantum Markov semigroups, we propose algorithms for asymptotically stabilizing such state by suitably switching between the dynamical generators.

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Control strategies for dissipative preparation of target quantum states, both pure and mixed, and subspaces are obtained by switching between a set of available semigroup generators. We show that the class of problems of interest can be recast, from a control-theoretic perspective, into a switched-stabilization problem for linear dynamics. This is attained by a suitable affine transformation of the coherence-vector representation. In particular, we propose and compare stabilizing time-based and state-based switching rules for entangled state preparation, showing that the latter not only ensure faster convergence with respect to nonswitching methods, but can be designed so that they retain robustness with respect to initialization, as long as the target is a pure state or a subspace.
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The notion of a Quantum Markov Semigroup (QMS) is an extension of classical Markov semigroups motivated by the study of open quantum systems. Indeed, a number of physicists interested in open quantum systems introduced the notion of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups in the Seventies. Since then the subject has been extensively discussed and improved by both physicists and mathematicians, especially by the founders of Quantum Stochastic Analysis. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
We characterize the dynamical behavior of continuous-time, Markovian quantum systems with respect to a subsystem of interest. Markovian dynamics describes a wide class of open quantum systems of relevance to quantum information processing, subsystem encodings offering a general pathway to faithfully represent quantum information. We provide explicit linear-algebraic characterizations of the notion of invariant and noiseless subsystem for Markovian master equations, under different robustness assumptions for model-parameter and initial-state variations. The stronger concept of an attractive quantum subsystem is introduced, and sufficient existence conditions are identified based on Lyapunov's stability techniques. As a main control application, we address the potential of output-feedback Markovian control strategies for quantum pure state-stabilization and noiseless-subspace generation. In particular, explicit results for the synthesis of stabilizing semigroups and noiseless subspaces in finite-dimensional Markovian systems are obtained.
We characterize the dynamical behavior of continuous-time, Markovian quantum systems with respect to a subsystem of interest. Markovian dynamics describes a wide class of open quantum systems of relevance to quantum information processing, subsystem encodings offering a general pathway to faithfully represent quantum information. We provide explicit linear-algebraic characterizations of the notion of invariant and noiseless subsystem for Markovian master equations, under different robustness assumptions for model-parameter and initial-state variations. The stronger concept of an attractive quantum subsystem is introduced, and sufficient existence conditions are identified based on Lyapunov's stability techniques. As a main control application, we address the potential of output-feedback Markovian control strategies for quantum pure state-stabilization and noiseless-subspace generation. In particular, explicit results for the synthesis of stabilizing semigroups and noiseless subspaces in finite-dimensional Markovian systems are obtained.
We propose, study and compare control strategies for preparing pure quantum states by switching dissipative dynamics. We show that with a suitable joint linear transformation the quantum (affine) dynamical generators can be transformed into linear ones, and classical results can be applied. In particular we describe and compare stabilize time-based and state-based switching rules, showing that the latter can be designed in order to outperform the former, as well as a non-switching strategy. In addition, state-based switching retains robustness with respect to initialization when the target is a pure state.