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Quantum-Atom Optics Downunder (QAO)

Raman schemes for phase sensitive measurement and teleportation of massive particles

Ashton S. Bradley, M. K. Olsen, Simon A. Haine, J. J. Hope

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Raman atom-laser outcoupler, which is based on optical Bose-enhancement, provides a coherent way to generate an atom laser beam from a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this theoretical work we show that a Raman atom laser incoupler, which utilises atomic Bose-enhancement, can be used to make phase sensitive quadrature measurements of an atom laser beam. An incoupler-outcoupler sequence can be used to teleport an input atom laser beam to a spatially separated location via an intermediate optical field.

DOI
10.1364/qao.2007.qtud2

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The Raman atom-laser outcoupler, which is based on optical Bose-enhancement, provides a coherent way to generate an atom laser beam from a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this theoretical work we show that a Raman atom laser incoupler, which utilises atomic Bose-enhancement, can be used to make phase sensitive quadrature measurements of an atom laser beam. An incoupler-outcoupler sequence can be used to teleport an input atom laser beam to a spatially separated location via an intermediate optical field.
We propose and analyze a scheme for measuring the quadrature statistics of an atom laser beam using extant optical homodyning and Raman atom laser techniques. Reversal of the normal Raman atom laser outcoupling scheme is used to map the quantum statistics of an incoupled atomic beam to an optical probe beam. A multimode model of the spatial propagation dynamics shows that the Raman incoupler gives a clear signal of de Broglie wave quadrature squeezing for both pulsed and continuous inputs. Finally, we show that experimental realizations of the scheme may be tested with existing methods via intensity correlation measurements.
We introduce a scheme for creating continuous variable entanglement between an atomic beam and an optical field, by using squeezed light to outcouple atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate via a Raman transition. We model the full multimode dynamics of the atom laser beam and the squeezed optical field and show that, with appropriate two-photon detuning and two-photon Rabi frequency, the transmitted light is entangled in amplitude and phase with the outcoupled atom laser beam. The degree of entanglement is controllable via changes in the two-photon Rabi frequency of the outcoupling process.
We have studied the characteristics of an atom laser created by removing atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via a two-photon Raman process. In contrast with outcoupling by RF transitions, Raman outcoupling offers spatial selectivity within the condensate and delivers significant momentum transfer to the outcoupled atoms. We develop a version of zero-temperature mean-field theory for BECs which includes the internal state of the atom and the effect of laser fields focused into the cloud. For a model condensate we find that the outcoupled matter wave develops sharp peaks at spatial positions where the two-photon Raman process is resonant with the hyperfine splitting of the atomic ground state. As time proceeds the width of the outcoupled wave expands and a steady stream of matter waves travels outside the condensate volume.
We theoretically study a pulsed stimulated two-photon Raman outcoupler for an atom laser using a full three-dimensional description. A finite-temperature trapped Bose-condensed atomic gas is treated self-consistently by the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations. The model is closely related to a recent experiment on optical outcoupling [E. W. Hagley et al., Science 283, 1706 (1999)]. We analyze the momentum distribution of the output atoms and show how the output beam may be used as a probe of the quantum state for the trapped atomic gas and how it could be engineered and controlled in a nonlinear way.
We analyze theoretically an optical scheme to detect the phase of a Bose-Einstein condensate associated with spontaneously broken gauge symmetry. Two condensates in different Zeeman states are confined to the same trap, and two phase-coherent laser beams are used to drive Raman transitions between the condensates. Amplification of one of the Raman beams immediately following the turn-on of light is an unambiguous sign of the presence of phase coherence in the atoms. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.