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Optics Express

Condition for Doppler-free three-photon resonance in a ladder-type atomic system

Yoon‐Seok Lee, Han Seb Moon

Published Nov 25, 2015• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the essential condition for three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system. When the two coupling lasers operate at different frequencies, we observed Doppler-free TPEIA resonance at a counterintuitive frequency, which is the almost half-frequency detuning of the frequency difference between the two coupling fields. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type three-level atomic system, the TPEIA due to the atomic group of non-zero velocity was in good agreement with the calculated TPEIA spectrum under the one-photon resonance condition of all three optical fields. From the results, we found that an atomic group with a proper velocity for ladder-type TPEIA should satisfy the one-photon resonances of all three optical fields.

DOI
10.1364/oe.23.031574

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We report the essential condition for three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system. When the two coupling lasers operate at different frequencies, we observed Doppler-free TPEIA resonance at a counterintuitive frequency, which is the almost half-frequency detuning of the frequency difference between the two coupling fields. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type three-level atomic system, the TPEIA due to the atomic group of non-zero velocity was in good agreement with the calculated TPEIA spectrum under the one-photon resonance condition of all three optical fields. From the results, we found that an atomic group with a proper velocity for ladder-type TPEIA should satisfy the one-photon resonances of all three optical fields.
We investigated the relationship between two- and three-photon coherence in terms of the transition routes and coupling field intensities in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system for the 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D5/2 transition in 87Rb atoms. Three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) due to three-photon coherence was observed in the only transition route that exhibited a dominant two-photon coherence effect. We showed that two-photon coherence is a necessary condition for three-photon coherence phenomena. A comparison of the relative magnitudes of the electromagnetically induced transparency and TPEIA as a function of the coupling field intensity revealed that the increase of three-photon coherence was faster than that of two-photon coherence. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type three-level atomic system, the relation between two- and three-photon coherence was numerically calculated.
We report on three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) due to three-photon coherence in ladder-type atomic systems for the 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​-5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​-5D5/25{D}_{5/2}5D5/2​ transition in Rb atoms. When a counterpropagating coupling field was added to the typical ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiment, both EIT and two-photon absorption (TPA) switched to TPEIA. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened three-level ladder-type atomic system, the spectrum of the switch from EIT and TPA to TPEIA was numerically calculated and could be understood by decomposing the calculated spectrum into two-photon coherence and three-photon coherence components.
We investigated the relationship between two- and three-photon coherence in terms of the transition routes and coupling field intensities in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system for the 5S(1/2)-5P(3/2)-5D(5/2) transition in (87)Rb atoms. Three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) due to three-photon coherence was observed in the only transition route that exhibited a dominant two-photon coherence effect. We showed that two-photon coherence is a necessary condition for three-photon coherence phenomena. A comparison of the relative magnitudes of the electromagnetically induced transparency and TPEIA as a function of the coupling field intensity revealed that the increase of three-photon coherence was faster than that of two-photon coherence. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type three-level atomic system, the relation between two- and three-photon coherence was numerically calculated.
Rb atoms. When the driving field was additionally coupled to the ground and intermediate states of a lower V-type configuration in a typical ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system, Doppler-free TPEIA and FWM spectra were simultaneously observed and then analyzed from the perspective of multi-photon atomic coherence. Comparing the TPEIA and FWM spectra according to the laser frequency detuning and laser intensity, we found that the enhanced TPEIA signal is strongly correlated with the generated FWM light. Analytical and numerical calculations for the analysis of the relationship are presented.
In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type Rubidium atomic system [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and transparency (EIT) in two schemes of two coupling lasers with different propagation directions are comprehensively studied. Two coupling fields are entangled tightly with each other and induce constructive interference such that we observe EIA as two coupling fields are counter-propagating. Two coupling fields are independent and cause destructive interference such that only enhanced EIT occurs when two coupling fields are co-propagating, although all of the Doppler-broadened atoms satisfy the condition for three-photon resonance. The experimental results are coincided with the numerically calculated spectra using the dressed perturbation method. The mechanisms of EIT and EIA could also be understood by the dressed-state pictures.
We present a theoretical treatment for the complete dynamics process of three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA). The nested-cascade doubly dressed TPEIA is considered when two counterpropagating coupling fields are tuned to the upper line in a closed-cycle ladder-type three-level atomic system. The enhancement or suppression of the TPEIA signal relies on the constructive interference between the excitation pathways of doubly dressed states, which can be controlled by changing the intensity of the coupling field. Meanwhile, two symmetrical transparency frequency windows are observed and discussed. The theoretical results and dressed-state analysis are demonstrated experimentally in the 5 S 1 / 2 ( F = 2 ) − 5 P 3 / 2 ( F ′ = 3 ) − 5 D 5 / 2 ( F ′ ′ = 4 ) transition of the 87 R b atoms.