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Journal of Russian Laser Research

A SPDC-Based Source of Entangled Photons and its Characterization

Sergey A Magnitskiy, Dmitry N. Frolovtsev, Vladimir V. Firsov, P. P. Gostev, Игорь Евгеньевич Проценко, M. Yu. Saygin

Published Nov 1, 2015• 41 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10946-015-9540-x

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Photon sources for multi-photon entanglement experiments are commonly based on the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion. Due to the probabilistic photon production, such experiments suffer from low multiphoton count rates. To increase this count rate, we present a novel SPDC pump source based on a femtosecond UV enhancement cavity that increases the available pump power while maintaining a high repetition rate of 80MHz. We apply the cavity as photon source for realizing symmetric, multi-partite entangled Dicke states, which are observed with a high rate and high fidelity. We characterize the observed Dicke states of up to six photons using efficient tools exploiting the state's symmetries.
Tailoring spectral properties of photon pairs is of great importance for optical quantum information and measurement applications. High-resolution spectral measurement is a key technique for engineering spectral properties of photons, making them ideal for various quantum applications. Here we demonstrate spectral measurements and optimization of frequency-entangled photon pairs produced via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), utilizing frequency-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG), the reverse process of SPDC. A joint phase-matching spectrum of a nonlinear crystal around 1580 nm is captured with a 40 pm resolution and a > 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio, which is significantly improved compared to traditional frequency-resolved coincidence measurements. Moreover, our scheme is applicable to collinear degenerate sources whose characterization is difficult with previously demonstrated stimulated difference frequency generation (DFG). We also illustrate that the observed phase-matching function is useful for finding an optimal pump spectrum to maximize the spectral indistinguishability of SPDC photons. We expect that our precise spectral characterization technique will be useful tool for characterizing and tailoring SPDC sources for a wide range of optical quantum applications.
Generation of entangled photons through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) from micro- and nanoscale sources offers unprecedented freedom in quantum state engineering, including the ability to generate two-photon states with high-dimensional hyperentanglement. However, as the source of SPDC gets smaller, the role of photoluminescence increases, which leads to the contamination of two-photon states with a thermal background. Here we propose and implement a solution to this problem: by using pulsed SPDC and time distillation, we increase the purity and the heralding efficiency of the photon pairs. In the experiment, we increased the purity of the two-photon states generated in a 7 μm film of lithium niobate from 0.002 to 0.99. With the higher purity we were able to observe and characterize different polarization states of photon pairs generated simultaneously due to relaxed phase matching. In particular, we showed the presence of orthogonally polarized photons that are potentially usable for the generation of polarization entanglement.