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An Area-Law Prescription for Holographic Renyi Entropies

Xi Dong

Published Jan 25, 2016• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We show that Renyi entropies satisfy an area law in quantum field theories with a holographic dual description in terms of a bulk gravitational theory. A derivative of the Renyi entropy $S_n$ with respect to its index $n$ is given by the area in Planck units of a bulk cosmic brane homologous to the entangling region. This geometric prescription for holographic Renyi entropies is a one-parameter generalization of the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription for entanglement entropy. As an example of applying this prescription, we calculate the mutual Renyi information $I_n$ between two disks to linear order in $n-1$ in holographic conformal field theories of arbitrary dimension.

Related papers

The gravity dual of Rényi entropy

Xi Dong

A remarkable yet mysterious property of black holes is that their entropy is proportional to the horizon area. This area law inspired the holographic principle, which was later realized concretely in gauge-gravity duality. In this context, entanglement entropy is given by the area of a minimal surface in a dual spacetime. However, discussions of area laws have been constrained to entanglement entropy, whereas a full understanding of a quantum state requires Rényi entropies. Here we show that all Rényi entropies satisfy a similar area law in holographic theories and are given by the areas of dual cosmic branes. This geometric prescription is a one-parameter generalization of the minimal surface prescription for entanglement entropy. Applying this we provide the first holographic calculation of mutual Rényi information between two disks of arbitrary dimension. Our results provide a framework for efficiently studying Rényi entropies and understanding entanglement structures in strongly coupled systems and quantum gravity.

arXiv:1601.06788•Nature Communications•Aug 12, 2016•340 citations

Holographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction

Chris Akers, Pratik Rath

A bstract We study Renyi entropies S n in quantum error correcting codes and compare the answer to the cosmic brane prescription for computing $$ {\tilde{S}}_n\equiv {n}^2{\partial}_n\left(\frac{n-1}{n}{S}_n\right) $$ S ˜ n ≡ n 2 ∂ n n − 1 n S n . We find that general operator algebra codes have a similar, more general prescription. Notably, for the AdS/CFT code to match the specific cosmic brane prescription, the code must have maximal entanglement within eigenspaces of the area operator. This gives us an improved definition of the area operator, and establishes a stronger connection between the Ryu-Takayanagi area term and the edge modes in lattice gauge theory. We also propose a new interpretation of existing holographic tensor networks as area eigenstates instead of smooth geometries. This interpretation would explain why tensor networks have historically had trouble modeling the Renyi entropy spectrum of holographic CFTs, and it suggests a method to construct holographic networks with the correct spectrum.

arXiv:1811.05171•Journal of High Energy Physics•May 1, 2019•132 citations

Rényi entropies and area operator from gravity with Hayward term

Marcelo Botta-Cantcheff, Pedro J. Martínez, Juan F. Zarate

Abstract In the context of the holographic duality, the entanglement entropy of ordinary QFT in a subregion in the boundary is given by a quarter of the area of an minimal surface embedded in the bulk spacetime. This rule has been also extended to a suitable one-parameter generalization of the von-Neuman entropy Ŝn that is related to the Rényi entropies Sn, as given by the area of a cosmic brane minimally coupled with gravity, with a tension related to n that vanishes as n → 1, and moreover, this parameter can be analytically extended to arbitrary real values. However, the brane action plays no role in the duality and cannot be considered a part of the theory of gravity, thus it is used as an auxiliary tool to find the correct background geometry. In this work we study the construction of the gravitational (reduced) density matrix from holographic states, whose wave-functionals are described as euclidean path integrals with arbitrary conditions on the asymptotic boundaries, and argue that in general, a non-trivial Hayward term must be haven into account. So we propose that the gravity model with a coupled Nambu-Goto action is not an artificial tool to account for the Rényi entropies, but it is present in the own gravity action through a Hayward term. As a result we show that the computations using replicas simplify considerably and we recover the holographic prescriptions for the measures of entanglement entropy; in particular, derive an area law for the original Rényi entropies (Sn) related to a minimal surface in the n replicated spacetime. Moreover, we show that the gravitational modular flow contains the area operator and can explain the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.

arXiv:2005.11338•Journal of High Energy Physics•Jul 1, 2020•10 citations

Rényi entropies and area operator from gravity with Hayward term

Botta Cantcheff, Marcelo Angel Nicolas, Pedro J. Martínez, Zárate Chahín, Juan Felipe

In the context of the holographic duality, the entanglement entropy of ordinary QFT in a subregion in the boundary is given by a quarter of the area of an minimal surface embedded in the bulk spacetime. This rule has been also extended to a suitable one-parameter generalization of the von-Neuman entropy $\\hat{S}_n$ that is related to the Renyi entropies $S_n$, as given by the area of a \\emph{cosmic brane} minimally coupled with gravity, with a tension related to $n$ that vanishes as $n\\to1$, and moreover, this parameter can be analytically extended to arbitrary real values. However, the brane action plays no role in the duality and cannot be considered a part of the theory of gravity, thus it is used as an auxiliary tool to find the correct background geometry. In this work we study the construction of the gravitational (reduced) density matrix from holographic states, whose wave-functionals are described as euclidean path integrals with arbitrary conditions on the asymptotic boundaries, and argue that in general, a non-trivial Hayward term must be haven into account. So we propose that the gravity model with a coupled Nambu-Goto action is not an artificial tool to account for the Renyi entropies, but it is present in the own gravity action through a Hayward term. As a result we show that the computations using replicas simplify considerably and we recover the holographic prescriptions for the measures of entanglement entropy; in particular, derive an area law for the original Renyi entropies ($S_n$) related to a minimal surface in the $n$ replicated spacetime. Moreover, we show that the gravitational modular flow contains the area operator and can explain the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.

•Jul 1, 2020•11 citations

Explorations in Holographic Entanglement Entropy

Aitor Lewkowycz

In this Dissertation, different aspects of holographic entanglement entropy are explored. In quantum information theory, entanglement is a useful resource needed to perform quantum operations. Entanglement entropy quantifies this resource and even if computable in quantum field theories, it is quite hard to calculate explicitly. However, in the context of gauge/gravity duality, (holographic) entanglement entropy was proposed by Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) to be captured by the area of a minimal surface in Anti DeSitter (AdS) space, which is extremely simple to compute. We begin by using the holographic dictionary to derive the RT formula. This is done by first considering smooth bulk geometries which are dual to n copies of the boundary geometry glued in a particular way. The action of these geometries computes the Renyi entropies S_n for any integer n. We give a prescription to analytically continue the action to non-integer n and argue that, as n goes to 1,S_1, the entanglement entropy, is given by the area of a minimal surface, reproducing the RT conjecture. That is, we reduced the RT proposal to the equality between bulk and boundary partition functions, a standard entry in the dictionary. We then generalize the previous formalism to account for corrections due to bulk quantum fields (1/N corrections in the boundary). This allows us to derive a new formula: boundary entanglement entropy is given by the area of the minimal surface plus bulk entanglement entropy. This extends RT beyond the planar limit and we present several predictions of the proposal. Our exploration of holographic entanglement entropy continues by considering different states: by comparing the quantum corrected entropy for nearby states we obtain the modular hamiltonian operator in bulk perturbation theory. From this expression of the modular hamiltonian, we derive that relative entropy is bulk relative entropy and that the modular flow is the bulk modular flow.

•Sep 27, 2016•0 citations

Entanglement entropy from the holographic stress tensor

Arpan Bhattacharyya, Aninda Sinha

We consider entanglement entropy in the context of gauge/gravity duality for conformal field theories in even dimensions. The holographic prescription due to Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) leads to an equation describing how the entangling surface extends into the bulk geometry. We show that setting to zero, the timetime component of the Brown-York stress tensor evaluated on the co-dimension 1 entangling surface, leads to the same equation. By considering a spherical entangling surface as an example, we observe that the Euclidean actionmethods in AdS/CFT will lead to the RT area functional arising as a counterterm needed to regularize the stress tensor. We present arguments leading to a justification for the minimal area prescription.

•Jan 1, 2013•10 citations
We show that Renyi entropies satisfy an area law in quantum field theories with a holographic dual description in terms of a bulk gravitational theory. A derivative of the Renyi entropy SnS_nSn​ with respect to its index nnn is given by the area in Planck units of a bulk cosmic brane homologous to the entangling region. This geometric prescription for holographic Renyi entropies is a one-parameter generalization of the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription for entanglement entropy. As an example of applying this prescription, we calculate the mutual Renyi information InI_nIn​ between two disks to linear order in n−1n-1n−1 in holographic conformal field theories of arbitrary dimension.
A remarkable yet mysterious property of black holes is that their entropy is proportional to the horizon area. This area law inspired the holographic principle, which was later realized concretely in gauge-gravity duality. In this context, entanglement entropy is given by the area of a minimal surface in a dual spacetime. However, discussions of area laws have been constrained to entanglement entropy, whereas a full understanding of a quantum state requires Rényi entropies. Here we show that all Rényi entropies satisfy a similar area law in holographic theories and are given by the areas of dual cosmic branes. This geometric prescription is a one-parameter generalization of the minimal surface prescription for entanglement entropy. Applying this we provide the first holographic calculation of mutual Rényi information between two disks of arbitrary dimension. Our results provide a framework for efficiently studying Rényi entropies and understanding entanglement structures in strongly coupled systems and quantum gravity.
A bstract We study Renyi entropies S n in quantum error correcting codes and compare the answer to the cosmic brane prescription for computing S~n≡n2∂n(n−1nSn) {\tilde{S}}_n\equiv {n}^2{\partial}_n\left(\frac{n-1}{n}{S}_n\right) S~n​≡n2∂n​(nn−1​Sn​) S ˜ n ≡ n 2 ∂ n n − 1 n S n . We find that general operator algebra codes have a similar, more general prescription. Notably, for the AdS/CFT code to match the specific cosmic brane prescription, the code must have maximal entanglement within eigenspaces of the area operator. This gives us an improved definition of the area operator, and establishes a stronger connection between the Ryu-Takayanagi area term and the edge modes in lattice gauge theory. We also propose a new interpretation of existing holographic tensor networks as area eigenstates instead of smooth geometries. This interpretation would explain why tensor networks have historically had trouble modeling the Renyi entropy spectrum of holographic CFTs, and it suggests a method to construct holographic networks with the correct spectrum.
Abstract In the context of the holographic duality, the entanglement entropy of ordinary QFT in a subregion in the boundary is given by a quarter of the area of an minimal surface embedded in the bulk spacetime. This rule has been also extended to a suitable one-parameter generalization of the von-Neuman entropy Ŝn that is related to the Rényi entropies Sn, as given by the area of a cosmic brane minimally coupled with gravity, with a tension related to n that vanishes as n → 1, and moreover, this parameter can be analytically extended to arbitrary real values. However, the brane action plays no role in the duality and cannot be considered a part of the theory of gravity, thus it is used as an auxiliary tool to find the correct background geometry. In this work we study the construction of the gravitational (reduced) density matrix from holographic states, whose wave-functionals are described as euclidean path integrals with arbitrary conditions on the asymptotic boundaries, and argue that in general, a non-trivial Hayward term must be haven into account. So we propose that the gravity model with a coupled Nambu-Goto action is not an artificial tool to account for the Rényi entropies, but it is present in the own gravity action through a Hayward term. As a result we show that the computations using replicas simplify considerably and we recover the holographic prescriptions for the measures of entanglement entropy; in particular, derive an area law for the original Rényi entropies (Sn) related to a minimal surface in the n replicated spacetime. Moreover, we show that the gravitational modular flow contains the area operator and can explain the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.
In the context of the holographic duality, the entanglement entropy of ordinary QFT in a subregion in the boundary is given by a quarter of the area of an minimal surface embedded in the bulk spacetime. This rule has been also extended to a suitable one-parameter generalization of the von-Neuman entropy hatSn\\hat{S}_nhatSn​ that is related to the Renyi entropies SnS_nSn​, as given by the area of a \\emph{cosmic brane} minimally coupled with gravity, with a tension related to nnn that vanishes as nto1n\\to1nto1, and moreover, this parameter can be analytically extended to arbitrary real values. However, the brane action plays no role in the duality and cannot be considered a part of the theory of gravity, thus it is used as an auxiliary tool to find the correct background geometry. In this work we study the construction of the gravitational (reduced) density matrix from holographic states, whose wave-functionals are described as euclidean path integrals with arbitrary conditions on the asymptotic boundaries, and argue that in general, a non-trivial Hayward term must be haven into account. So we propose that the gravity model with a coupled Nambu-Goto action is not an artificial tool to account for the Renyi entropies, but it is present in the own gravity action through a Hayward term. As a result we show that the computations using replicas simplify considerably and we recover the holographic prescriptions for the measures of entanglement entropy; in particular, derive an area law for the original Renyi entropies (SnS_nSn​) related to a minimal surface in the nnn replicated spacetime. Moreover, we show that the gravitational modular flow contains the area operator and can explain the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.
In this Dissertation, different aspects of holographic entanglement entropy are explored. In quantum information theory, entanglement is a useful resource needed to perform quantum operations. Entanglement entropy quantifies this resource and even if computable in quantum field theories, it is quite hard to calculate explicitly. However, in the context of gauge/gravity duality, (holographic) entanglement entropy was proposed by Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) to be captured by the area of a minimal surface in Anti DeSitter (AdS) space, which is extremely simple to compute. We begin by using the holographic dictionary to derive the RT formula. This is done by first considering smooth bulk geometries which are dual to n copies of the boundary geometry glued in a particular way. The action of these geometries computes the Renyi entropies S_n for any integer n. We give a prescription to analytically continue the action to non-integer n and argue that, as n goes to 1,S_1, the entanglement entropy, is given by the area of a minimal surface, reproducing the RT conjecture. That is, we reduced the RT proposal to the equality between bulk and boundary partition functions, a standard entry in the dictionary. We then generalize the previous formalism to account for corrections due to bulk quantum fields (1/N corrections in the boundary). This allows us to derive a new formula: boundary entanglement entropy is given by the area of the minimal surface plus bulk entanglement entropy. This extends RT beyond the planar limit and we present several predictions of the proposal. Our exploration of holographic entanglement entropy continues by considering different states: by comparing the quantum corrected entropy for nearby states we obtain the modular hamiltonian operator in bulk perturbation theory. From this expression of the modular hamiltonian, we derive that relative entropy is bulk relative entropy and that the modular flow is the bulk modular flow.
We consider entanglement entropy in the context of gauge/gravity duality for conformal field theories in even dimensions. The holographic prescription due to Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) leads to an equation describing how the entangling surface extends into the bulk geometry. We show that setting to zero, the timetime component of the Brown-York stress tensor evaluated on the co-dimension 1 entangling surface, leads to the same equation. By considering a spherical entangling surface as an example, we observe that the Euclidean actionmethods in AdS/CFT will lead to the RT area functional arising as a counterterm needed to regularize the stress tensor. We present arguments leading to a justification for the minimal area prescription.