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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Features of faraday rotation in cs atomic vapor in a cell thinner than the wavelength of light

Armen D. Sargsyan, Y. Pashayan-Leroy, Claude Leroy, Yu. P. Malakyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Oct 1, 2015• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Features of the effect of Faraday rotation (the rotation of the radiation polarization plane) in a magnetic field of the D 1 line in Cs atomic vapor in a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 80–900 nm have been analyzed. The key parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 895 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The comparison of the parameters for two selected thicknesses L = λ and λ/2 has revealed an unusual behavior of the Faraday rotation signal: the spectrum of the Faraday rotation signal at L = λ/2 = 448 nm is several times narrower than the spectrum of the signal at L = λ, whereas its amplitude is larger by a factor of about 3. These differences become more dramatic with an increase in the power of the laser: the amplitude of the Faraday rotation signal at L = λ/2 increases, whereas the amplitude of the signal at L = λ almost vanishes. Such dependences on L are absent in centimeter-length cells. They are inherent only in nanocells. In spite of a small thickness, L = 448 nm, the Faraday rotation signal is certainly detected at magnetic fields ≥0.4 G, which ensures its application. At thicknesses L < 150 nm, the Faraday rotation signal exhibits “redshift,” which is manifestation of the van der Waals effect. The developed theoretical model describes the experiment well.

DOI
10.1134/s002136401520014x

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Journal of Modern Optics•Oct 8, 2018•3 citations
Features of the effect of Faraday rotation (the rotation of the radiation polarization plane) in a magnetic field of the D 1 line in Cs atomic vapor in a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 80–900 nm have been analyzed. The key parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 895 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The comparison of the parameters for two selected thicknesses L = λ and λ/2 has revealed an unusual behavior of the Faraday rotation signal: the spectrum of the Faraday rotation signal at L = λ/2 = 448 nm is several times narrower than the spectrum of the signal at L = λ, whereas its amplitude is larger by a factor of about 3. These differences become more dramatic with an increase in the power of the laser: the amplitude of the Faraday rotation signal at L = λ/2 increases, whereas the amplitude of the signal at L = λ almost vanishes. Such dependences on L are absent in centimeter-length cells. They are inherent only in nanocells. In spite of a small thickness, L = 448 nm, the Faraday rotation signal is certainly detected at magnetic fields ≥0.4 G, which ensures its application. At thicknesses L < 150 nm, the Faraday rotation signal exhibits “redshift,” which is manifestation of the van der Waals effect. The developed theoretical model describes the experiment well.
The rotation of the radiation polarization plane in a longitudinal magnetic field (Faraday effect) on the D 1 line in atomic Rb vapor has been studied with the use of a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 100–900 nm. It has been shown that an important parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 795 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The best parameters of the signal of rotation of the radiation polarization plane have been obtained at the thickness L = λ/2 = 397.5 nm. The fabricated nanocell had a large region with such a thickness. The spectral width of the signal reached at the thickness L = 397.5 nm is approximately 30 MHz, which is much smaller than the spectral width (≈ 500 MHz) reached with ordinary cells with a thickness in the range of 1–100 mm. The parameters of the Faraday rotation signal have been studied as functions of the temperature of the nanocell, the laser power, and the magnetic field strength. The signal has been reliably detected at the laser power P L ≥ 1 μW, magnetic field strength B ≥ 0.5 G, and the temperature of the nanocell T ≥ 100°C. It has been shown that the maximum rotation angle of the polarization plane in the longitudinal magnetic field is reached on the F g = 3 → F e = 2 transition of the 85Rb atom. The spectral profile of the Faraday rotation signal has a specific shape with a sharp peak, which promotes its applications. In particular, Rb atomic transitions in high magnetic fields about 1000 G are split into a large number of components, which are completely spectrally resolved and allow the study of the behavior of an individual transition.
Abstract The interaction of rubidium atoms with sapphire cell windows at an interwindow distance L = 40–100 nm is studied. For studies, we used the Faraday rotation (FR) effect (rotation of the plane of radiation polarization in a magnetic field) in a thin rubidium atom vapor column for D1, 2 lines. When L decreases from 100 to 40 nm, a red shift of the FR signal frequency is detected: it increases from 10 to 250 MHz, and the broadening of the low-frequency wing increases to ~1 GHz. The atomic transition Fg = 3 → Fe = 2 for the D1 line of 85Rb is shown to be convenient for such investigations, since it can be spectrally separated from other strongly broadened atomic transitions. Coefficients C3, which characterize the atom–surface interaction for the D1 and D2 lines of Rb, are determined. An additional red frequency shift takes place at a nanocell thickness L < 100 nm when the Rb atom density increases, and this shift is absent at large L. A practical application of an FR signal for measuring strong magnetic fields of several kilogausses is described.
The features of the effect of selective reflection from rubidium vapor in a nanocell with the thickness L ≈ λ/2 and L ≈ λ/4, where λ = 795 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the Rb D 1 line, are studied. It is shown that, because of the behavior of the nanocell as a low-Q-factor Fabry–Pérot etalon, the sign of the derivative of the selective reflection spectra changes near L ≈ λ/2 from negative at L > λ/2 to positive at L < λ/2. The simplicity of the experimental implementation, large amplitude, and sub-Doppler width (40MHz) of a detected signal at an atomic transition frequency are appropriate for applications in metrology and magnetometry. In particular, selective reflection from the nanocell is a convenient frequency marker of atomic transitions; in this case, the amplitudes of peaks are proportional to the transition probabilities. The remote optical monitoring of a magnetic field with a spatial resolution L = λ/4 ≈ 199 of nm is possible on the basis of the splitting of selective reflection peaks in a strong magnetic field (up to 3 kG). A theoretical model describes well the experimental results.
A new device is designed: it consists of a nanocell (NC) filled with Rb atom vapors and placed in a vacuum chamber. When the pressure in the chamber changes in the range 0–1 atm, the NC thickness is smoothly varied in the range L = 140–1700 nm, which is caused by the pressure-induced deformation of thin garnet windows in the chamber. The pressure dependence has excellent reproducibility even after many hundreds of cycles of letting in of air and its complete pumping out from the chamber. The accuracy of setting required thickness L is much better than in the wedge-gap NCs to be moved mechanically that were used earlier. The processes of Faraday rotation (FR) of a polarization plane, resonance absorption, and fluorescence are studied using the D 1-line narrow-band continuous laser radiation when the thickness changes from L = λ/2 (398 nm) to L = 2λ (1590 nm) at a step λ/2. The FR signal is shown to be maximal at L = λ/2 and 3λ/2 and to have the minimum spectral width (≈60 MHz). At L = λ and 2λ, the FR signal is minimal and has the maximum spectral width (≈200 MHz). The resonance absorption demonstrates the same oscillating behavior; however, the effect in the case of FR is much more pronounced. The oscillating effect is absent for resonance fluorescence: its spectral width and amplitude increase monotonically with L. The detected effects are explained and possible applications are noted.
We show that the Faraday rotation (FR) in strong longitudinal magnetic fields is a convenient tool to study atomic transitions by using the D1 line in a Cs vapour confined in a nanocell of thickness L≈450 nm. We use strong magnetic fields ranging from 0.1 to 6 kG, in which Cs atomic transitions are split into a large number of components, and FR signals of spectral width of ∼ 50 MHz are frequency-resolved allowing the investigation of individual transitions. For magnetic fields of several kG, the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime is reached that is manifested by the presence in the spectrum of the eight FR components having the amplitudes of the same height and located with almost equidistant frequencies. A remarkable feature of FR spectrum is the proportionality of its amplitude to the probability of an atomic transition in a strong magnetic field. A theoretical model which agrees well with the experiment is developed.