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EPR Paradox and Local Hidden Variable Theories

K.A. Siddiqui A. Raza

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

After a brief summary of mathematical formalism of quantum theory and double slit experiment, the famous Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox has been described. Bell’s inequalities have been derived and tests has been discussed. It is concluded that local hidden variable theories are wrong.

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The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox that argues for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics as a description of physical reality has been put to rest by John Bell’s famous theorem, which inspired numerous experimental tests and brought about further affirmations of quantum reality. Nevertheless, in his writings and public presentations, Richard Feynman never acknowledged the significance of Bell’s contribution to the resolution of the EPR paradox. In this paper, we discuss several variants of the Bell inequalities (including one that was specifically espoused by Feynman), and explore the ways in which they demolish the arguments in favor of local hidden-variable theories. We also examine the roots of Feynman’s attitude toward Bell’s theorem in the context of Feynman’s special perspective on quantum mechanics.
The phenomenon of nonlocality in quantum mechanics is one of its most fundamental features and is most strikingly exemplified in the discussion of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) type of experiment. The generality of Bell's inequality and the results of experiments done up to now show that local hidden-variable theories are ruled out as a means to resolve the famous EPR paradox. What remains for further consideration are the nonlocal and the Einstein-separable hidden-variable models. Finally, an alternative and possibly successful approach in trying to 'explain' nonlocality might involve ideas of backward causation.
Bohm's spin polarization modification of the paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen has served as the basis for numerous analyses of the roles of hidden variables and Einstein locality in quantum mechanics. The present note points out how corresponding analyses can be carried out on the original formulation of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) in terms of observations of position and momentum. Concrete conceptual experiments are proposed to furnish tangible illustrations of EPR tests of reality, and a position-momentum variant of Bell's inequality is formulated. Implications regarding joint measurements of position and momentum, delayed choice experiments, and superluminal communication are discussed briefly.