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Viewpoint: Journey from Classical to Quantum in Two Dimensions

Meera M. Parish

Published Jan 27, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two separate groups have extracted the thermodynamic equation of state for a two-dimensional gas of fermionic atoms, revealing its peculiar quantum features.

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We report the experimental measurement of the equation of state of a two-dimensional Fermi gas with attractive s-wave interactions throughout the crossover from a weakly coupled Fermi gas to a Bose gas of tightly bound dimers as the interaction strength is varied.We demonstrate that interactions lead to a renormalization of the density of the Fermi gas by several orders of magnitude.We compare our data near the ground state and at finite temperature with predictions for both fermions and bosons from quantum Monte Carlo simulations and Luttinger-Ward theory.Our results serve as input for investigations of close-to-equilibrium dynamics and transport in the two-dimensional system.
Identical impenetrable particles in a 2-dimensional configuration space obey braid statistics, intermediate between bosons and fermions. This statistics, based on braid groups, is introduced as a generalization of the usual statistics founded on the symmetric groups. The main properties of an ideal gas of such particles are presented. They do interpolate the properties of bosons and fermions but include classical particles as a special case. Restriction to 2 dimensions precludes lambda points but originates a peculiar symmetry, responsible in particular for the identity of boson and fermion specific heats.