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Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy

Testing the nonlocality of entangled states by a new Bell-like inequality

Jianxia Qi, Xin-Wei Zha, Xin-Mei Sun

Published Sep 6, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11433-013-5319-7

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Quantum nonlocality has recently been classified into three distinct types: quantum entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, and Bell's nonlocality. Experimentally Bell's nonlocality is usually tested by quantum violation of the Clause-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality in the two-qubit system. Bell's nonlocality is the strongest type of nonlocality, also due this reason Bell-test experiments have encountered both the locality loophole and the detection loophole for a very long time. As a weaker nonlocality, EPR steering naturally escapes from the locality loophole and is correspondingly easier to be demonstrated without the detection loophole. In this work, we trigger an extraordinary approach to investigate Bell's nonlocality, which is strongly based on the EPR steering. We present a theorem, showing that for any two-qubit state τττ, if its mapped state ρρρ is EPR steerable, then the state τττ must be Bell nonlocal. The result not only pinpoints a deep connection between EPR steering and Bell's nonlocality, but also sheds a new light to realize a loophole-free Bell-test experiment (without the CHSH inequality) through the violation of steering inequality.
Quantum nonlocality can be tested in experiments via the violation of the Bell inequality. We propose novel methods of the rearrangement and linear inequality to prove all the known Bell-CH inequalities of Imn22Imn22Imn22-type (m,n≤5m,n\le5m,n≤5). We also derive a set of new Bell-CH inequalities by using these methods which should be violated in quantum entangled states.
We consider Bell tests in which the distant observers can perform local filtering before testing a Bell inequality. Notably, in this setup, certain entangled states admitting a local hidden variable model in the standard Bell scenario can nevertheless violate a Bell inequality after filtering, displaying so-called hidden nonlocality. Here we ask whether all entangled states can violate a Bell inequality after well-chosen local filtering. We answer this question in the negative by showing that there exist entangled states without hidden nonlocality. Specifically, we prove that some two-qubit Werner states still admit a local hidden variable model after any possible local filtering on a single copy of the state.