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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences

Spectral presheaves as quantum state spaces

Andreas Döring

Published Jun 29, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For each quantum system described by an operator algebra [Formula: see text] of physical quantities, we provide a (generalized) state space, notwithstanding the Kochen-Specker theorem. This quantum state space is the spectral presheaf [Formula: see text]. We formulate the time evolution of quantum systems in terms of Hamiltonian flows on this generalized space and explain how the structure of the spectral presheaf [Formula: see text] geometrically mirrors the double role played by self-adjoint operators in quantum theory, as quantum random variables and as generators of time evolution.

DOI
10.1098/rsta.2014.0247

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For each quantum system described by an operator algebra [Formula: see text] of physical quantities, we provide a (generalized) state space, notwithstanding the Kochen-Specker theorem. This quantum state space is the spectral presheaf [Formula: see text]. We formulate the time evolution of quantum systems in terms of Hamiltonian flows on this generalized space and explain how the structure of the spectral presheaf [Formula: see text] geometrically mirrors the double role played by self-adjoint operators in quantum theory, as quantum random variables and as generators of time evolution.
After a brief introduction to the spectral presheaf, which serves as an analogue of state space in the topos approach to quantum theory, we show that every state of the von Neumann algebra of physical quantities of a quantum system determines a certain measure on the spectral presheaf of the system. The so-called clopen subobjects of the spectral presheaf play the role of measurable sets. Measures on the spectral presheaf can be characterised abstractly, and the main result is that every abstract measure induces a unique state of the von Neumann algebra. Finally, we show how quantum-theoretical expectation values can be calculated from measures associated to quantum states.
After a brief introduction to the spectral presheaf, which serves as an analogue of state space in the topos approach to quantum theory, we show that every state of the von Neumann algebra of physical quantities of a quantum system determines a certain measure on the spectral presheaf of the system. The so-called clopen subobjects of the spectral presheaf play the role of measurable sets. Measures on the spectral presheaf can be characterised abstractly, and the main result is that every abstract measure induces a unique state of the von Neumann algebra. Finally, we show how quantum-theoretical expectation values can be calculated from measures associated to quantum states.
In arXiv:1212.2613, we associated a presheaf Σ^A with each unital C*-algebra A. The spectral presheaf Σ^A generalises the Gelfand spectrum of an abelian unital C*-algebra. In the present article, we consider one-parameter groups of automorphisms of the spectral presheaf, in particular those arising from one-parameter groups of inner automorphisms of the algebra. We interpret the spectral presheaf as a (generalised) state space for a quantum system and show how one can use flows on the spectral presheaf and on associated structures to describe the time evolution of non-relativistic quantum systems, both in the Schrödinger picture and the Heisenberg picture.
The spectral theory of linear operators plays a key role in the mathematical formulation of quantum theory. Furthermore, such a rigorous mathematical foundation leads to a more profound insight into the nature of quantum mechanics. This textbook provides a concise and comprehensible introduction to the spectral theory of (unbounded) self-adjoint operators and its application in quantum dynamics. The book places emphasis on the symbiotic relationship of these two domains by (1) presenting the basic mathematics of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics of one particle, i.e., developing the spectral theory of self-adjoint operators in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces from the beginning, and (2) giving an overview of many of the basic functional aspects of quantum theory, from its physical principles to the mathematical models. The book is intended for graduate (or advanced undergraduate) students and researchers interested in mathematical physics. It starts with linear operator theory, spectral questions and self-adjointness, and ends with the effect of spectral type on the large time behaviour of quantum systems. Many examples and exercises are included that focus on quantum mechanics.
Using the spectral theorem we compute the Quantum Fourier Transform or Vacuum Characteristic Function Φ, e itH Φ of an observable H defined as a self-adjoint sum of the generators of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra, where Φ is a unit vector in a Hilbert space H.We show how Stone's formula for computing the spectral resolution of a Hilbert space self-adjoint operator, can serve as an alternative to the traditional reliance on splitting or disentanglement formulas for the operator exponential.
ABSTRACT: The main aim of this article is to present the time-evolution as the unitary and self-adjoint operators on Hilbert spaces and to describe its application in the development of quantum mechanics. The initial value problems associated with the quantum mechanical Schrodinger equation, ( ) = ( ) in the Hilbert space is solved by the use of timeevolution. The importance of time-evolution is also seen as the operation of turning machine in quantum mechanics, which is regarded as the time-evolution of the machine control state. Time-evolution of a quantum mechanical system is observed to be unitary and self-adjoint operators of Hilbert space, since it corresponds to an observable, specifically energy position and momentum. It was observed that time-evolution of a quantum mechanical system is generated by a self-adjoint operator, called Hamiltonian, V K H ˆ ˆ ˆ   , expressed by the Schrodinger equation, above.