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Chinese Physics B

An optical rotation sensor based on dispersive slow-light medium

Nan Wang, Yundong Zhang, Ping Yuan

Published Jul 1, 2011• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Slow light supported by electromagnetically induced transparency effect in dispersive medium is extremely susceptible with respect to Doppler detuning. In this paper, the Doppler effect induced by rotating dispersive medium was considered and the effect of the velocity of rotating dispersive medium on the group velocity was studied. Based on a dispersive slow-light medium, a high sensitive optical rotation sensor for measuring absolute rotation is proposed and analysed. The sensitivity of the rotation sensor is the group delay between the counterpropagationed wave packets in the device, and scales directly with square of the group index which can reach 102−108 orders of magnitude by selecting a proper dispersive medium.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/7/074207

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Slow light supported by electromagnetically induced transparency effect in dispersive medium is extremely susceptible with respect to Doppler detuning. In this paper, the Doppler effect induced by rotating dispersive medium was considered and the effect of the velocity of rotating dispersive medium on the group velocity was studied. Based on a dispersive slow-light medium, a high sensitive optical rotation sensor for measuring absolute rotation is proposed and analysed. The sensitivity of the rotation sensor is the group delay between the counterpropagationed wave packets in the device, and scales directly with square of the group index which can reach 102−108 orders of magnitude by selecting a proper dispersive medium.
The concept of the Sagnac effect in a slow-light medium and resonator structure with a high group dispersion is investigated. It is found that a slow-light medium can be utilized for relative motion sensing, and a slow-light resonator structure is suitable to detect absolute rotation for navigation purposes. It is noted that the high group dispersion leads to a huge enhancement of the rotation sensor's sensitivity in a resonating structure, and an approach to evaluate and design resonator devices with slow-light property is proposed. Moreover, a folded loop-lattice-based structure is numerically simulated to verify the concept.
Summary form only given. Slow light has achieved great progress in waveguide and fibers in room temperature, which could be accelerating the transition of this technique to applications. This talk will review devising methods for tailoring the dispersion of optical materials, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, photonic crystals, and nano-optic resonators over the last decade. And the potential applications of slow light for optical buffering, data synchronization, optical memories, and optical signal processing will be cataloged. Then the interaction between slow light and Sagnac effect is discussed. The concept of the Sagnac effect in a slow-light medium and resonator structure with high group dispersion is investigated. It is found that a slow-light medium can be utilized for relative motion sensing, and a slow-light resonator structure is suitable to detect absolute rotation for navigation purposes. It is noted that the high group dispersion leads to a huge enhancement of the rotation sensor's sensitivity in a resonating structure, and an approach to evaluate and design resonator devices with slow-light property is proposed. Moreover, a folded loop-lattice-based structure is numerically simulated to verify the concept.
We discuss the relationship between Sagnac effect and "slow light" phenomenon, and point out that although the medium and waveguide dispersion can in no way affect the magnitude of Sagnac effect, the highly dispersive structure is still beneficial to the enhancement of Sagnac effect and can be utilized to detect absolute rotation for navigation purpose. Based on the EIT-like property of coupled resonator structure, a miniature highly sensitive gyroscope is possible. This EIT-like phenomenon occurs through a classical mean in a coupled resonator structure due to all-optical classical interference, called coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT). With the analogy between optical and atomic parameters, we treat Sagnac effect as a phase perturbation to resonators' optical parameters, and then analyze Sagnac effect in a CRIT structure with a transfer function approach and derive the explicit expression of relative Sagnac phase shift. We find that Sagnac effect is enhanced as a factor as light slows, and can be tailored by adjusting the optical parameters of structure. Furthermore, as a potential highly sensitive, compact size rotation sensor, some issues for the implementation of CRIT structure based gyroscope are discussed and considered, such as the fabrication possibility, line-width, shot noise limit sensitivity and integration issues. With the improvement of micro-fabrication technique, this gyroscope should have all-solid configuration, compact size and also be expected to achieve comparable sensitivity to common optic-fiber gyroscope. It would be easily integrated to all-optical application and construct a high performance rotation sensor.
Controlling the group velocity of light is a valuable resource for quantum and classical optical processing and high performance sensor technologies. In this context, slow-light (SL) and the associated steep dispersion have been proposed to increase the sensitivity of certain types of interferometers. Here, we show that the interaction of two intensity-balanced light beams in a SL medium can be used to detect Doppler shifts with extremely high sensitivity. By using this effect in a liquid crystal light-valve, we have been able to measure Doppler shifts as low as 1 μHz with an integration time of only 1 s. The shot noise limited sensitivity inversely depends on the steepness of the beam-coupling dispersive response. This method allows for remote sensing of very slowly moving objects with a linear response over 5 orders of magnitude.
We report the experimental observation of enhanced rotation sensing in a slow-light structure. We demonstrate that the differential of the phase difference, introduced by rotation, between the counterpropagating waves is proportional to the group index, and thus we can obtain large rotation sensitivity in the slow-light structure with high dispersion (large group index). The results also predict the realization of highly sensitive and compact integrated rotation sensors and gyroscopes by using microwaveguides.