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International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena

Ultrafast coherent spectroscopy of single quantum dots

Tobias Günther, K. Müller, Christoph Lienau, Thomas Elsaesser, Soheyla Eshlaghi, Andreas Dirk Wieck

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The nonlinear optical response of single quantum dots is studied with femtosecond resolution. We show that the free-induction decay and coherent Stark effect of the single exciton polarization are strongly perturbed by many-body interactions.
DOI
10.1364/up.2002.tud1

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The nonlinear response of single GaAs quantum dots is studied in femtosecond near-field pump-probe experiments. At negative time delays, transient reflectivity spectra show pronounced oscillatory structure around the quantum dot exciton line, providing the first evidence for a perturbed free induction decay of the excitonic polarization. Phase-disturbing Coulomb interactions between the excitonic polarization and continuum excitations dominate the optical nonlinearity on ultrafast time scales. A theoretical analysis based on the semiconductor Bloch equations accounts for this behavior.
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In conclusion, we have presented a semiconductor quantum dot as a solid-state system to perform femtosecond quantum optics experiments. The ultrafast dynamics in a single semiconductor quantum dot reveals instantaneous Coulomb renormalization, perturbed free induction decay, and unexpected single-photon gain. It is now possible to prepare, manipulate, and readout this single-electron system on a femtosecond timescale. When driving the dot in the nonlinear regime, it is possible to add single photons to a femtosecond laser pulse. Finally, we have demonstrated means of increasing the coupling of light with objects of nanometer dimensions. We presented dielectric microcavities operating both in the visible and ultraviolet. Alternatively, metal nanoantennas were fabricated. They work as optical counterparts of the well-known radio antennas and concentrate light in the antenna feedgap. We have demonstrated a tunable bowtie nanoantenna and investigated its linear optical properties. We believe that progress in nanotechnology in the next years will further enable us to tailor the interaction of light with single nanoemitters to enter the regime of few-photon femtosecond physics.
Summary form only given. The optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots have been studied intensively in the past few years. Recently the experiment has demonstrated not only the ability to probe a single QD but also how to coherently control the exciton in a single QD on a time scale that is short compared with the decoherence time. We had proposed a scheme to use the excitons in QD as qubits and to use strong ultra-fast laser pulses to manipulate the qubits via Rabi flopping. As a result a full understanding of the multi-exciton coherent nonlinear spectroscopy with strong pump field is needed. In this work we present a non-perturbative calculation of the nonlinear CW pump-probe spectra.
We report a study of the coherent nonlinear optical response of individual excitons localized in GaAs quantum dots. Our data show that the nonlinear response is comprised of an incoherent contribution dominated by saturation of the oscillator strength and a coherent contribution giving rise to population pulsations. The results compare well with present theory and show the similarities with atoms and quantum dots in their coherent optical interaction with light. The measured energy relaxation and dephasing rates are comparable, reflecting the absence of significant pure dephasing at low temperatures. In addition, we use nonlinear spectroscopy to investigate quantum dot coupling showing the presence of an incoherent coupling leading to fast energy relaxation. The polarization properties as well as the fine structure splitting are also discussed.
Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy of individual excitons in GaAs quantum dots is demonstrated and shows strong similarities with atoms in their coherent optical interaction, unlike higher dimensional heterostructures. The nonlinear response is dominated by an incoherent contribution (saturation) and a coherent contribution (population pulsations) of the single dot and compares well with present theory. The data shows that energy relaxation and dephasing rates are comparable, reflecting the absence of significant pure dephasing, and also demonstrate the presence of interdot energy transfer.