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Chinese Physics B

Comparison experiments of neon and helium buffer gases cooling in trapped 199 Hg + ions linear trap

Yu-Na Yang, Hao Liu, Yue-Hong He, Zhi-Hui Yang, Man Wang, Yi-He Chen, Lei She, Jiaomei Li

Published Sep 1, 2014• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influences of different buffer gas, neon and helium, on Hg-199(+) clock transition are compared in trapped Hg-199(+) linear trap. By the technique of time domain's Ramsey separated oscillatory fields, the buffer gas pressure frequency shifts of Hg-199(+) clock transition are measured to be (df/dP(Ne)) (1/f) = 1.8 x 10(-8) Torr(-1) for neon and (df/dP(He)) (1/f) = 9.1 x 10 8 Torr(-1) for helium. Meanwhile, the line-width of Hg-199(+) clock transition spectrum with the buffer gas neon is narrower than that with helium at the same pressure. These experimental results show that neon is a more suitable buffer gas than helium in Hg-199(+) ions microwave frequency standards because of the Hg-199(+) clock transition is less sensitive to neon variations and the better cooling effect of neon. The optimum operating pressure for neon is found to be about 1.0 x 10(-5) Torr in our linear ion trap system.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/9/093702

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The influences of different buffer gas, neon and helium, on Hg-199(+) clock transition are compared in trapped Hg-199(+) linear trap. By the technique of time domain's Ramsey separated oscillatory fields, the buffer gas pressure frequency shifts of Hg-199(+) clock transition are measured to be (df/dP(Ne)) (1/f) = 1.8 x 10(-8) Torr(-1) for neon and (df/dP(He)) (1/f) = 9.1 x 10 8 Torr(-1) for helium. Meanwhile, the line-width of Hg-199(+) clock transition spectrum with the buffer gas neon is narrower than that with helium at the same pressure. These experimental results show that neon is a more suitable buffer gas than helium in Hg-199(+) ions microwave frequency standards because of the Hg-199(+) clock transition is less sensitive to neon variations and the better cooling effect of neon. The optimum operating pressure for neon is found to be about 1.0 x 10(-5) Torr in our linear ion trap system.
The influences of different buffer gas, neon and helium, on199Hg+clock transition are compared in trapped199Hg+linear trap. By the technique of time domain’s Ramsey separated oscillatory fields, the buffer gas pressure frequency shifts of199Hg+clock transition are measured to be(d f /dPNe)(1/ f) = 1.8 × 10-8Torr-1for neon and(d f /dPHe)(1/ f) = 9.1 × 10-8Torr-1for helium. Meanwhile, the line-width of199Hg+clock transition spectrum with the buffer gas neon is narrower than that with helium at the same pressure. These experimental results show that neon is a more suitable buffer gas than helium in199Hg+ions microwave frequency standards because of the199Hg+clock transition is less sensitive to neon variations and the better cooling effect of neon. The optimum operating pressure for neon is found to be about 1.0 × 10-5Torr in our linear ion trap system.
Buffer gas cooling is the most effective and practical method to cool ions in ion trap.The kind and quantity of buffer gas are the key technologies in mercury ion microwave frequency standard experiments.Buffer gas made of helium,neon or argon was studied to cool trapped mercury ions(~(199)Hg~+) in a linear ion trap by introducing a resistance term in Mathieu's equation.It's found that the decay time of motion of ~(199)Hg~+ in argon gas is the shortest,and the frequency shift of the clock transition(40.5 GHz) is minimum when the pressure of helium is 10~(-5) Torr or the pressure of neon gas is 2.4×10~(-5) Torr.Neon is the most suitable buffer gas among helium,neon and argon,considering the decay time-constant of motion of ~(199)Hg~+ in buffer gases and ~(199)Hg~+ clock transition shift's sensitivity to the change of the pressure of buffer gas.
We report measured buffer gas collision shifts of the 40.507347996xx GHz mercury ion clock transition using inert helium, neon, and argon gases and getterable molecular hydrogen and nitrogen gases. The frequency shift due to methane was also examined. At low partial pressures methane gas did not impact the trapped ion number but was observed to strongly relax the population difference in the two hyperfine clock states thereby reducing the clock resonance signal. A similar population relaxation was also observed for other molecular buffer gases (N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/) but at much reduced rate.
We have previously reported experiments using a linear rf trap to store laser-cooled {sup 199}Hg{sup +} ions. Trapping multiple ions increases the signal-to-noise ratio; yet all ions have equally low second-order Doppler shifts if they are confined along the nodal center line of a linear trap. In such an environment, the 40.5 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition in {sup 199}Hg{sup +} is a candidate for an extremely accurate and stable microwave frequency standard. Our redesigned apparatus will operate at cryogenic temperatures to provide very low background gas pressure (resulting in longer ion storage times and immunity from background pressure shifts) and superconductive shielding against stray magnetic fields. We shall discuss progress on this frequency standard and applications of our apparatus to new cooling and squeezing techniques.
A high-performance frequency standard based on (199)Hg(+) ions confined in a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/dc linear ion trap is demonstrated. This trap permits storage of large numbers of ions with reduced susceptibility to the second-order Doppler effect caused by the RF confining fields. A 160-mHz-wide atomic resonance line for the 40.5-GHz clock transition is used to steer the output of a 5-mHz crystal oscillator to obtain a stability of 2 x 10(exp -15) for 24,000-second averaging times. Measurements with a 37-mHz line width for the Hg(+) clock transition demonstrate that the inherent stability for this frequency standard is better than 1 x 10(exp -15) at 10,000-second averaging times.