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Chinese Physics Letters

A Theoretical Scheme for Multi—user Quantum Key Distribution with N Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen Pairs on a Passive Optical Network

Fu‐Guo Deng, 刘晓曙

Published Jan 1, 2002• 1 citation
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Abstract

We propose a theoretical scheme for any-to-any multi-user quantum key distribution on a passive optical network with ordered N Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pairs.This scheme is safe and more efficient than those with single photons.Its efficiency approaches 100% in the limit that the number of pairs used in the eavesdropping check becomes negligible.It also has high capacity and is convenient for users.

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations
We propose a theoretical scheme for any-to-any multi-user quantum key distribution on a passive optical network with ordered N Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pairs.This scheme is safe and more efficient than those with single photons.Its efficiency approaches 100% in the limit that the number of pairs used in the eavesdropping check becomes negligible.It also has high capacity and is convenient for users.
A theoretical scheme for multi-user quantum authentication and key distribution in a network is proposed. Similar to the authentication architecture of the netw ork in classical cryptography, a distributed client/server architecture with the shared Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) entangled pairs between each user and his t rusted server used for the authentication and key distribution is proposed. Base d on this architecture, any-to-any multi-user quantum authentication and key dis tribution is realized. The trusted server only provides the authentication betwe en users and swaps the entanglement between the particles so as to entangle the particles of the two users who want to communicate secretly. The key generation is performed by the requesting user. Each user in a network only shares Einstein -Podolsky-Rosen entangled pairs with the trusted server and communicates with th e trusted server through the classical channel and quantum channel. Users need n ot share EPR entangled pairs with each other so that the number of EPR pairs in the network is reduced from O(n2) to O(n).
Needs for providing security to end users have brought installation of quantum key distribution (QKD) in one-to-many access networks such as passive optical networks. In the networks, a presence of optical power splitters makes issues for secure key rate more important. However, researches for QKD in access networks have mainly focused on implementation issues rather than protocol development for key rate enhancement. Since secure key rate is theoretically limited by a protocol, researches without protocol development cannot overcome the limit of secure key rate given by a protocol. This brings need of researches for protocol development. In this paper, we provide a new approach which provides secure key rate enhancement over the conventional protocol. Specifically, we propose the secure key rate formula in a passive optical network by extending the secure key rate formula based on the decoy-state BB84 protocol. For a passive optical network, we provide a way that incorporates cooperation across end users. Then, we show that the way can mitigate a photon number splitting (PNS) attack which is crucial in an well known decoy BB84 protocol. Especially, the proposed scheme enables multi-photon states to serve as secure keys unlike the conventional decoy BB84 protocol. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms the decoy BB84 protocol in secure key rate.
We propose a theoretical scheme for secure quantum key distribution network following the ideas m quantum aense coding. In this scheme, the server of the network provides the service for preparing and measuring the Bell states,and the users encode the states with local unitary operations. For preventing the server from eavesdropping, we design a decoy when the particle is transmitted between the users. The scheme has high capacity as one particle carries two bits of information and its efficiency for qubits approaches 100%. Moreover, it is unnecessary for the users to store the quantum states, which makes this scheme more convenient in applications than others.