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Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Физико-математические науки

Универсальное квантовое хеширование

Аблаев Фарид Мансурович, Marat Ablayev, Васильев Александр Валерьевич

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In the paper we propose a method of quantum hashing which mostly combines the existing constructions of universal hash families with quantum one-way functions. Next, we define the concept of a quantum hash generator and present an approach for building a large number of various quantum hash functions. The construction is based on the integration of a classical e-universal hash family and a given family of functions quantum hash generator. The proposed construction combines the properties of robust representation of information by classical error-correcting codes together with the possibility of highly reliable representation of information by quantum systems. In particular, we present a quantum hash function based on the Reed-Solomon code and prove that this construction is optimal in the sense of the number of qubits needed.

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In the paper we propose a method of quantum hashing which mostly combines the existing constructions of universal hash families with quantum one-way functions. Next, we define the concept of a quantum hash generator and present an approach for building a large number of various quantum hash functions. The construction is based on the integration of a classical e-universal hash family and a given family of functions quantum hash generator. The proposed construction combines the properties of robust representation of information by classical error-correcting codes together with the possibility of highly reliable representation of information by quantum systems. In particular, we present a quantum hash function based on the Reed-Solomon code and prove that this construction is optimal in the sense of the number of qubits needed.
In the paper, we define the concept of the quantum hash generator and offer design, which allows to build a large amount of different quantum hash functions. The construction is based on composition of classical εεε-universal hash family and a given family of functions -- quantum hash generator. The proposed construction combines the properties of robust presentation of information by classical error-correcting codes together with the possibility of highly compressed presentation of information by quantum systems. In particularly, we present quantum hash function based on Reed-Solomon code, and we proved, that this construction is optimal in the sense of number of qubits needed.
In the paper, we define the concept of the quantum hash generator and offer design, which allows to build a large amount of different quantum hash functions. The construction is based on composition of classical ∈ -universal hash family and a given family of functions-quantum hash generator. In particular, using the relationship between ∈ -universal hash families and Freivalds fingerprinting schemas we present explicit quantum hash function and prove that this construction is optimal in the sense of number of qubits needed for construction.
In the letter we define the notion of a quantum resistant ( -resistant) hash function which consists of a combination of pre-image (one-way) resistance ( ε -resistance) and collision resistance ( δ -resistance) properties. We present examples and discussion that supports the idea of quantum hashing. We present an explicit quantum hash function which is ‘balanced’, one-way resistant and collision resistant and demonstrate how to build a large family of quantum hash functions. Balanced quantum hash functions need a high degree of entanglement between the qubits. We use a phase transformation technique to express quantum hashing constructions, which is an effective way of mapping hash states to coherent states in a superposition of time-bin modes. The phase transformation technique is ready to be implemented with current optical technology.
In the paper we define a notion of quantum resistant ((δ, є)-resistant) hash function which combine together a notion of pre-image (one-way) resistance (δ-resistance) property and the notion of collision resistance (є-resistance) properties. We present a discussion that supports the idea of quantum hashing oriented for cryptographical purposes. We propose a quantum setting of a classical digital signature scheme do demonstrate a theoretical possibilities and restrictions of (δ, є)-hashing. The assumption we use is that a set of qubits (quantum hash) we generate, send, and receive during the execution of a protocol can be stored for a certain (a large enough) amount of time; next, the scheme requires the high degree of entanglement between the qubits which makes such a quantum hash. These properties make quantum hash cryptographically efficient.
Modern quantum technologies are NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) devices, which are used to create insufficiently accurate quantum computers with low computing power. However, quantum technologies have advanced considerably during the past years. Thus, the issue of demonstrating “quantum supremacy” in the era of NISQ technologies is on the agenda. This study demonstrates that “quantum supremacy” is forthcoming. We propose procedures for constructing a universal family of hash functions based on a quantum hashing process that maps the original sequence w to a quantum hash state and then by random transformation to the state |ψ) and generating the sequence u, which is an approximate description of the state |ψ). We proved that the proposed procedure generates a family of nondeterministic hash functions F, which allow us to reliably distinguish between different arguments. The F family can be considered an E-universal family of nondeterministic hash functions. We assume that the development of this research area will cast light on the effect of “quantum supremacy” and will also have a certain impact on the advance of post-quantum cryptography.