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Decoherence as an Obstacle to Quantum Computing

Tarun Sanghi, Jha, RM

Published Jun 1, 2005• 0 citations
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A plethora of qubit devices is under consideration for possible development ranging from quantum telereporters to quantum computers. The primary obstacle to the success of these efforts is the phenomenon of quantum decoherence, the rapid vanishing of the off-diagonal components of the reduced density matrix representing the computational degrees of freedom of the device. Following a review of the physics of quantum decoherence, several instructive examples are exposited. Decoherence issues associated with the various possible approaches to quantum computing are addressed. Also, possible generic methods are reviewed for surmounting the decoherence obstacle.
The quantum computing theoretically serves as a path to many high-level complex problems, but suffers some profound challenges which become hurdles in its path to a practical scenario. It has deep rooted inexplicable and unsettled challenges like Quantum Error Correction (QEC), qubit instability and issues of quantum decoherence. One of the main obstacles in quantum computing is tenuousness of quantum information processing. The time limit and decoherence problem have been a long-term scientific barrier in the theory of quantum mechanics. The quantum behavior of a quantum computer is influenced and affected by the surroundings creating a ‘race against time’ causing errors in the quantum computations making later unreliable. The error correction requires resource overhead further causing the data processing complexities and so remains as a monumental issue. This paper discusses some major unresolved limitations and deficiencies of quantum computing to eliminate the hurdles, for a need to create a transformative potential technology in the era of quantum computing.
In systems considered for quantum computing, i.e., for control of quantum dynamics with the goal of processing information coherently, decoherence and deviation from pure quantum states, are the main obstacles to error correction. At low temperatures, usually assumed in quantum computing designs, some of the accepted approaches to evaluation of relaxation mechanisms break down. We develop a new formalism for the estimation of decoherence at short times, appropriate for evaluation of quantum computing architectures.