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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Imaging non-Gaussian output fields produced by Josephson parametric amplifiers: experiments

D.M. Toyli, Aditya V. Venkatramani, Samuel Boutin, Andrew Eddins, Nicolas Didier, Aashish A. Clerk, Alexandre Blais, Irfan A. Siddiqi

Published Mar 3, 2015• 0 citations
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•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
Parametric amplifiers are known to squeeze the vacuum state of the electromagnetic field, thus the statistics of the photocounts at their output should be that of squeezed vacuum. However, several theoretical works predict a very different statistical distribution. We have measured the photocount statistics of a Josephson parametric amplifier and recover the expected squeezed vacuum statistics. We explain this discrepancy by showing theoretically how the photocount statistics is dictated by the detection process. Namely, most experiments will naturally measure a single mode of the electromagnetic field, while the aforementioned theoretical works implicitly describe massively multimode detection.
Quantum-limited parametric amplifiers have become increasingly interesting and relevant with the progressing field of quantum computing. However, currently it is still challenging to fabricate these complex devices. In this thesis, we developed cross type Josephson junctions (JJs), lumped element LC resonators, lumped element Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) and Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifiers (JTWPAs). We found and resolved several fabrication issues however we suspect that both the JPA and JTWPA suffered from microshorts in the circuits during the cryogenic measurements. Nevertheless, we managed to measure the resonance frequency of the JPA and have noticed the flux focusing effect when we flux tune it. We preformed room temperature measurements on over 300 JJs and calculated the relative standard deviation (RSD) for various JJ sizes. We found the spread of 30 fabricated resonators and a rough estimate of their Q factors. The JTWPAs developed are non-degenerate four wave mixing amplifiers that use the resonant phase matching (RPM) technique to reduce the phase mismatch problem. The transmission through the measured JTWPA showed 50 dB loss probably caused by presumably a short from the transmission line to ground. However, when the JTWPA was driven with a pump we observed 20 dB increase in transmission in some frequency bands.