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STIMULATED EMISSION OF GAMMA RADIATION

Richard V. Babcock, Stanley L. Ruby, Laurence Mark Epstein

Published Dec 1, 1963• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The feasibility of an experimental demonstration of stimulated emission of gamma radiation is examined. Theoretical principles are discussed, and a model described from which the results of stimulated emission experiments can be predicted. Two general types of experiments are selected as most feasible for the demonstration, and the results of these experiments are predicted for those known isomeric nuclear systems that appeared most promising, and also for an ideal nuclear system. It is concluded that for an ideal nucleus the emission rate of stimulated photons could not exceed 10/sup -5/ of the spontaneous photon emission rate. For the most favorable nuclear system found, the predicted increase in emission rate is only 3 x 10/sup -9/. The observation of such small effects appears thoroughly impractical, either now or in the foreseeable future. The observation of other effects of stimulated emission, such as the detection of paired photons in time coincidence, appears equally difficult. (auth)

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ON THE POSSIBILITY OF MASER ACTION BETWEEN NUCLEAR STATES

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The possibility of a stimulated emission device, analogous to the laser, which can generate radiation at gammaray wavelengths is examined. Lacking reflectors, its operation would consist of multiplication during single passage of photon avalanches initiated by spontaneous emission. The required high concentration of excited states may be obtainable in many nuclides by radiochemical procedures. The maximum possible resonant cross section exceeds ordinary absorption by several orders of magnitude. Only a fraction of the resonant cross-section can be effective, because of line-broadening interactions with the nuclear environment. Singular effects in solids (optical branch excitation, localization of lattice disturbance, or Bragg-angle effects) are suggested that may allow operation at a recoil-displaced energy without population inversion, as alternatives to the Mossbauer effect. An experimental technique for directly measuring the stimulated-emission cross-section by detection of a coherent component in the total radiation is described in some detail. It is concluded that the question of gammamaser feasibility can be conclusively answered only by experiment. (auth)

Transactions of the American Nuclear Society•Jun 15, 1963•0 citations

Two-quantum stimulated emission of gamma radiation

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Various schemes exploiting two-quantum nuclear transitions for the generation of coherent gamma radiation (stimulated anti-Stokes and stimulated two-quantum de-excitation of isomeric nuclei in an active medium with the hidden population inversion of nuclear states and the ignition of an avalanche-like stimulated gamma-emission by counterpropagating X-rays) are discussed.

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Stimulated emission and coherent control of gamma photons described by quantum mechanical model

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Creating a coherent source of gamma radiation remains one of the biggest motivations in gamma-ray optics. Such a source would utilize the stimulated emission of gamma photons. However, to achieve lasing in the high-energy regime other physical principles such as the lasing without inversion are needed to be explored. One of the currently developed approaches uses coherent control of gamma radiation waveforms to induce transparency in a medium by applying ultra-acoustic vibrations. In this paper a theoretical description of the stimulated emission and coherent control of gamma rays is developed on the basis of a one-dimensional quantum mechanical formalism. The model of the gamma radiation coherent control shows a good agreement with the conventional semiclassical description of the phenomenon. The model of the stimulated emission was developed with the assumptions which enable to propose a specific experimental arrangement for simultaneous detections of pairs of gamma photons. This proposal is further discussed in the context of the experimental observation of the stimulated emission of gamma photons.

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Stimulated emission of gamma-radiation: A proposed experiment

Gilbert R. Hoy

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for observing stimulated emission of gamma radiation. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation has never been observed. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation will be essential for developing gamma-ray lasers. The method uses the ‘π phase-shift induced transparency’ of gamma radiation, previously called the ‘gamma echo’. The gamma-echo technique is based on a modification of the time-differential Mössbauer spectroscopic method, i.e. the source is moved ‘instantaneously’ during the lifetime of the excited state. Then a resonant absorber becomes transparent to the resonant gamma radiation. There is a type of ‘self-stimulated’ emission in which the radiation ‘absorbed’, before the phase shift, is stimulated to emit after the phase shift. To observe stimulated emission of the resonant gamma radiation, one performs the same gamma-echo experiment except the resonant absorber is replaced by another source. This secondary source is chosen to be in resonance with the original source. Under these conditions there will be no stimulated emission, in the secondary source, before the π phase shift because the incident radiation is absorbed. However, after the phase shift, the secondary source becomes transparent to the incident radiation. If one uses a matched pair of Co57 sources and the secondary source is 2mCi, there will be about 3 nuclei in the secondary source, in the first excited state of Fe57, that are available to be stimulated during the 97.8ns lifetime of the primary source radiation.

Journal of Modern Optics•Nov 1, 2004•3 citations

Temporal dynamics of stimulated emission with applications in nuclear quantum optics

Andreas Reichegger, Jörg Evers

The temporal dynamics of stimulated emission is studied, with particular emphasis on stimulated emission induced by x-ray pulses interacting with nuclei. In typical nuclear forward scattering experiments, the short incident x-ray pulse is accompanied by a huge number of off-resonant background photons. This prompts the question of whether stimulated emission can be observed in the delayed nuclear scattering signal which is emitted after the incident pulse has passed. We find that the stimulated photons essentially overlap with the stimulating pulse. To overcome this problem, we identify the reduction of the delayed scattered light intensity as an alternative signature for the stimulated emission. We further study a phase-sensitive variant of stimulated emission in the low-excitation regime, which provides convenient control parameters to facilitate the detection. Finally, we analyze the possibility of observing stimulated emission in nuclei driven by free electron lasers or synchrotron radiation sources.

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We consider physical foundations of an eventual experiment aimed at observing stimulated gamma-photon emission of long-lived Mössbauer isomers through selective frequency modulation of gamma-resonances establishing hidden population inversion without exceeding the number of excited nuclei over unexcited ones and without additional pumping. The examples of suitable nuclei and numerical estimates of the parameters are presented.

Quantum Electronics•Jun 30, 2011•0 citations
The feasibility of an experimental demonstration of stimulated emission of gamma radiation is examined. Theoretical principles are discussed, and a model described from which the results of stimulated emission experiments can be predicted. Two general types of experiments are selected as most feasible for the demonstration, and the results of these experiments are predicted for those known isomeric nuclear systems that appeared most promising, and also for an ideal nuclear system. It is concluded that for an ideal nucleus the emission rate of stimulated photons could not exceed 10/sup -5/ of the spontaneous photon emission rate. For the most favorable nuclear system found, the predicted increase in emission rate is only 3 x 10/sup -9/. The observation of such small effects appears thoroughly impractical, either now or in the foreseeable future. The observation of other effects of stimulated emission, such as the detection of paired photons in time coincidence, appears equally difficult. (auth)
The possibility of a stimulated emission device, analogous to the laser, which can generate radiation at gammaray wavelengths is examined. Lacking reflectors, its operation would consist of multiplication during single passage of photon avalanches initiated by spontaneous emission. The required high concentration of excited states may be obtainable in many nuclides by radiochemical procedures. The maximum possible resonant cross section exceeds ordinary absorption by several orders of magnitude. Only a fraction of the resonant cross-section can be effective, because of line-broadening interactions with the nuclear environment. Singular effects in solids (optical branch excitation, localization of lattice disturbance, or Bragg-angle effects) are suggested that may allow operation at a recoil-displaced energy without population inversion, as alternatives to the Mossbauer effect. An experimental technique for directly measuring the stimulated-emission cross-section by detection of a coherent component in the total radiation is described in some detail. It is concluded that the question of gammamaser feasibility can be conclusively answered only by experiment. (auth)
Creating a coherent source of gamma radiation remains one of the biggest motivations in gamma-ray optics. Such a source would utilize the stimulated emission of gamma photons. However, to achieve lasing in the high-energy regime other physical principles such as the lasing without inversion are needed to be explored. One of the currently developed approaches uses coherent control of gamma radiation waveforms to induce transparency in a medium by applying ultra-acoustic vibrations. In this paper a theoretical description of the stimulated emission and coherent control of gamma rays is developed on the basis of a one-dimensional quantum mechanical formalism. The model of the gamma radiation coherent control shows a good agreement with the conventional semiclassical description of the phenomenon. The model of the stimulated emission was developed with the assumptions which enable to propose a specific experimental arrangement for simultaneous detections of pairs of gamma photons. This proposal is further discussed in the context of the experimental observation of the stimulated emission of gamma photons.
The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for observing stimulated emission of gamma radiation. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation has never been observed. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation will be essential for developing gamma-ray lasers. The method uses the ‘π phase-shift induced transparency’ of gamma radiation, previously called the ‘gamma echo’. The gamma-echo technique is based on a modification of the time-differential Mössbauer spectroscopic method, i.e. the source is moved ‘instantaneously’ during the lifetime of the excited state. Then a resonant absorber becomes transparent to the resonant gamma radiation. There is a type of ‘self-stimulated’ emission in which the radiation ‘absorbed’, before the phase shift, is stimulated to emit after the phase shift. To observe stimulated emission of the resonant gamma radiation, one performs the same gamma-echo experiment except the resonant absorber is replaced by another source. This secondary source is chosen to be in resonance with the original source. Under these conditions there will be no stimulated emission, in the secondary source, before the π phase shift because the incident radiation is absorbed. However, after the phase shift, the secondary source becomes transparent to the incident radiation. If one uses a matched pair of Co57 sources and the secondary source is 2mCi, there will be about 3 nuclei in the secondary source, in the first excited state of Fe57, that are available to be stimulated during the 97.8ns lifetime of the primary source radiation.
The temporal dynamics of stimulated emission is studied, with particular emphasis on stimulated emission induced by x-ray pulses interacting with nuclei. In typical nuclear forward scattering experiments, the short incident x-ray pulse is accompanied by a huge number of off-resonant background photons. This prompts the question of whether stimulated emission can be observed in the delayed nuclear scattering signal which is emitted after the incident pulse has passed. We find that the stimulated photons essentially overlap with the stimulating pulse. To overcome this problem, we identify the reduction of the delayed scattered light intensity as an alternative signature for the stimulated emission. We further study a phase-sensitive variant of stimulated emission in the low-excitation regime, which provides convenient control parameters to facilitate the detection. Finally, we analyze the possibility of observing stimulated emission in nuclei driven by free electron lasers or synchrotron radiation sources.