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Возникновение стабильных состояний атомов и молекул за счёт обменного взаимодействия возбуждённых электронов

Алексей Юрьевич Самарин

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The influence of the process of exchange interaction during the lifetime of luminous atoms and molecules was studied. The opportunity of stationary states existence of interacting luminous atoms and molecules was established. With the help of Feynman integrals paths method, the mechanism of occurrence of stationary states was determined, on condition of exchange interaction taking place. The way of definition of specific conditions at which such states occur is demonstrated. Dependence of a matrix element of potential accounting exchange interaction on coordinates of electrons and their wave functions was obtained.

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Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1975•11 citations
The influence of the process of exchange interaction during the lifetime of luminous atoms and molecules was studied. The opportunity of stationary states existence of interacting luminous atoms and molecules was established. With the help of Feynman integrals paths method, the mechanism of occurrence of stationary states was determined, on condition of exchange interaction taking place. The way of definition of specific conditions at which such states occur is demonstrated. Dependence of a matrix element of potential accounting exchange interaction on coordinates of electrons and their wave functions was obtained.
Based on the method of V-function, a continuation of the optical-mechanical analogy is attained. In contrast to classic quantum mechanics, a trajectory-wave motion of the particle is explored. We highlight the presence of energy quantization of the particle and the availability of solution without a particle in the case of rectilinear uniform motion at constant speed. A solution to the direct and inverse problems of dynamics is searched for in a new statement for a hydrogen-like atom. When solving a direct problem, we find a stationary wave function of the electron in a hydrogen-like atom, with its properties investigated. When searching for a final solution to the stationary wave equation, we take into account a solution to the inverse problem of dynamics for the electron. A linear dependence between two particular solutions is shown. The second linearly independent solution is found, decaying exponentially to zero. We present charts of the stationary solution for a wave of the particle (electron) for three lower stationary states. Energy levels of a hydrogen-like atom are determined as a solution to the inverse problem of dynamics, which fully coincide with the classical results by Schrödinger and Bohr. A wave function is regarded as a physical reality, which makes it possible to open up new possibilities in order to study the structure of the microcosm
The quantum ideas about the structure of atoms and molecules are the foundation of modern scientific theories. So, the steady angular momentum of the electron is an integer multiple of Planck's constant. It is the principal quantum number, and three others in general uniquely characterize the state of any atom. The multiplicity of atomic quantum characteristics is manifested in the spectral data for simple and complex structures. The article shows that in two-particle interactions the principle of summing the inverse quantities of subsystems energetic characteristics is carried out during the processes which occur by potential gradient, and the principle of their algebraic addition during the processes which occur against potential gradient. The authors calculated the equation of dependence of spatial and energetic parameter of free atoms from their wave, spectral and frequency characteristics.
Рассмотрено влияние процесса обменного взаимодействия на время жизни возбуждённых атомов и молекул.Установлена возможность существования стационарных состояний взаимодействующих возбуждённых атомов и молекул.С помощью метода интегралов по траекториям Фейнмана определён механизм возникновения этих стационарных состояний при наличии обменного взаимодействия.Показан способ определения конкретных условий, при которых такие состояния возникают.Получена зависимость матричного элемента потенциала с учётом обменного взаимодействия от координат электронов и их волновых функций.
The excited states of quantum systems are nonstationary, and they break up. These states are called unstable or quasi-stationary. Such states are already observed in the study of scattering problems, the accumulation of particles in the lens (the particle prefers to live inside the lens) is accompanied by a large delay τ (the lifetime of the quasi-level). Here the lifetime of the quasi-level τ = γ−1, width of the quasi-level Г = ~γ and complex energy level E = E1 − iE2,E2 = Γ/2. Investigation of the quasi-stationary states is carried out for the quasi-potential equation with piecewise-constant potentials at various values of the parameter of the equation e and the potential parameters. A comparative analysis of solutions of the quasi-potential equation for the different values of e with the solutions of the Schredinger equation is performed. Found that at e → 0 the solutions of quasi-potential equation tend to the solutions of the Schredinger equation.
In recent work, the existence of stationary bounds on bound-state matrix elements for rather broad classes of quantum-mechanical operators was used to obtain a stationary upper bound on the scattering length for the collision of positrons with atoms whose target wave functions are not precisely known. This was done by obtaining calculable stationary bounds on the unknown matrix elements which appear in the formal expression for the bound on the scattering length. This method is extended in the present paper to electron-atom scattering for which it is necessary to obtain-in addition to bounds of the previous type-stationary bounds on the various exchange integrals. These latter cannot be obtained by means of techniques previously described. New techniques are presented for deriving such bounds, which are then used to obtain rigorous stationary upper bounds on the scattering length for the collisions of electrons with helium and with atoms heavier than helium.