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Acta Physica Sinica

The absolute rotation measurement of atom interferometer by phase modulation

Zhu Chang-Xing, Feng Yan-Ying, Xiongying Ye, Zhou Zhaoying, Zhou Yong-jia, Hongbo Xue, 清华大学精密仪器与机械学系，精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室，北京 100084

Published Jan 1, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the paper，a measurement method of absolute rotation of atom interferometer is proposed. Generally，there are π/2-π-π/2 phase gratings in an atom interferometer in the space domain. We add three special phases to the three gratings，then，we modulate the special phases to change the detector signal of atom interferometer，and Fourier transform is performed on the detector signal，to obtain the absolute rotation of atom interferometer. The results are the discussed in the paper.

DOI
10.7498/aps.57.808

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In the paper，a measurement method of absolute rotation of atom interferometer is proposed. Generally，there are π/2-π-π/2 phase gratings in an atom interferometer in the space domain. We add three special phases to the three gratings，then，we modulate the special phases to change the detector signal of atom interferometer，and Fourier transform is performed on the detector signal，to obtain the absolute rotation of atom interferometer. The results are the discussed in the paper.
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We demonstrate that the shear phase introduced by a tilting Raman beam in a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer actually shifts the absolute phase, and propose how this shift can be compensated for by reference to a special point of the interference fringe. In the experiment, we obtain shear interference fringes and achieve the extraction of absolute phase corresponding to gravity acceleration. To suppress the impact of position drift on measurement accuracy, we adopt a positive and negative tilt angle alternating measurement (PNTAM) method. After using this PNTAM method, when the position drift leads to a change of $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{g}$, the impact of this drift on the absolute measurement value is less than $1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{g}$. This work expands the application range of the phase shear readout based atom interferometer from the current relative or differential gravity measurement to the field of absolute gravity measurement.
We have demonstrated an interferometer for atoms. A three-grating geometry is used, in which the interfering beams are distinctly separated in both position and momentum. We used a highly collimated beam of sodium atoms with a de Broglie wavelength of 16 pm and high-quality 0.4-\ensuremath{\mu}m-period free-standing gratings which we fabricated using a novel method. The interference signal is 70 counts/s, which allows us to determine the phase to 0.1 rad in 1 min. Applications of atom interferometers are briefly discussed.
We demonstrate a strontium thermal beam atom interferometer gyroscope (AIG) on a rotation table using the 1 ⁣S0^{1\!}S_01S0​-$ ^{3\!}P_1$ intercombination line, and measure large rotation rates exceeding 6 rad/s. Our demonstration relies upon a transit-time-resonant (TTR), phase modulation technique for detecting the AIG phase which rejects signal background and variations in fringe amplitude.
Accurately measuring the three-dimensional position of an atomic cloud is essential for improving the precision of atom interferometers. In the work presented here, the three-dimensional position of an atomic cloud in an atom interferometer is measured with only one laser beam, generated by a phase modulator. The vertical position is determined from the change in the additional-sideband effect with the time interval TTT between adjacent Raman pulses in the atom interferometer. Based on this method, the vertical position of the atomic cloud is measured with an uncertainty of 0.2 mm; therefore, the uncertainty in a gravity measurement contributed by the gravity gradient is not limited by the uncertainty in the measurement of the vertical position at the level of $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Gal}$. Furthermore, a method of measuring Rabi oscillations at different horizontal positions to determine the horizontal position of the atomic cloud is proposed and is demonstrated experimentally. With this method, the horizontal position can be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.1 mm, and the horizontal velocity of the atomic cloud can also be deduced. The methods demonstrated in this paper are helpful for evaluating systematic errors in atom interferometers, and also useful in precision measurements based on an atomic fountain.