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Chinese Automation Congress

A communication model in multilevel security network using quantum key

Dong Liu, Li Zhang, Yunsheng Fu, Chunrui Zhang, Mingyong Yin, Yuan Liu

Published Nov 1, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The integrity and confidentiality of the multilevel security communication are guaranteed by using the key obtained from key negotiation process. To ensure the safety of this process is very important. The quantum key distribution process is unconditionally secure. This paper uses this process to distribute the authentication keys and the session keys, which are used in IPSec process. Thus, the method to realize multilevel secure communication by using quantum key and IPSec is given. It adds a field to implement the control strategy based on the security of the packet, uses a key effective time to meet the different security requirements, and uses the “one-time-pad” algorithm to provide unconditional security. After the rules of using keys are given, the process of transmitting data packets is described.

DOI
10.1109/cac.2015.7382628

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The integrity and confidentiality of the multilevel security communication are guaranteed by using the key obtained from key negotiation process. To ensure the safety of this process is very important. The quantum key distribution process is unconditionally secure. This paper uses this process to distribute the authentication keys and the session keys, which are used in IPSec process. Thus, the method to realize multilevel secure communication by using quantum key and IPSec is given. It adds a field to implement the control strategy based on the security of the packet, uses a key effective time to meet the different security requirements, and uses the “one-time-pad” algorithm to provide unconditional security. After the rules of using keys are given, the process of transmitting data packets is described.
Multicasting reveals to the delivery of a message or information from one source to multiple recipients simultaneously through a single transmission channel. Securing the transmitted multicast information can be achieved through IPsec multicast architecture. The process of IPsec involves the sender and destinations to agree on IPsec keys. These keys are used for protection transmitted information among communicated peers over IPsec network. IPsec depends on classical algorithm for key generation and distribution. These algorithms proved their conditional security which means intruder can break the algorithm and intercept the communication process. In this paper, a new IPsec multicast architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture is divided into five main processes. The most important process is key generation and distribution. The key generation and distribution through IPsec multicast network is achieved using quantum algorithms. Quantum keys proved their unconditional security according to their physical characteristics. Sender and receivers communicate through two channels which quantum and classical. Encryption and decryption processes depend on agreed quantum keys and classical cryptographic algorithms. IPsec depends on quantum key distribution for creating keys for IPsec security associations. The confidentiality and authentication of proposed architecture is analyzed
IPSec is a widely used network security protocol that plays a crucial role in providing secure transmission channels in the current Internet. However, the advent of quantum computing poses unprecedented challenges to the security of traditional cryptographic methods, including those used in IPSec. Fortunately, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a theoretically unbreakable method for exchanging keys between two communicating parties. To address the security threats posed by quantum computing, we propose IPSeQ, a security-enhanced IPSec protocol that integrates QKD into its design. Specifically, IPSeQ leverages quantum keys to strengthen key negotiation, authentication, and data encryption processes. To achieve rapid key updates while ensuring transmission efficiency and key synchronization, IPSeQ introduces a sliding window-based dynamic key updating mechanism. Experiments conducted with real QKD devices demonstrate that our proposed mechanism can improve throughput by more than 50 percent compared to traditional schemes, particularly at higher quantum key generation rates. Additionally, IPSeQ effectively maintains robust data transmission in scenarios where quantum keys are scarce (e.g., when the key generation rate is less than 10 kb/s).
With the development of the Internet, information security has attracted great attention in today’s society, and quantum cryptography communication network based on quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very important part of this field, since the quantum key distribution combined with one-time-pad encryption scheme can guarantee the unconditional security of the information. The secret key generated by quantum key distribution protocols is a very valuable resource, so making full use of key resources is particularly important. Software definition network (SDN) is a new type of network architecture, and it separates the control plane and the data plane of network devices through OpenFlow technology, thus it realizes the flexible control of the network resources. In this paper, a quantum cryptography communication network model based on SDN is proposed to realize the flexible control of quantum key resources in the whole cryptography communication network. Moreover, we propose a routing algorithm which takes into account both the hops and the end-to-end availible keys, so that the secret key generated by QKD can be used effectively. We also simulate this quantum cryptography communication network, and the result shows that based on SDN and the proposed routing algorithm the performance of this network is improved since the effective use of the quantum key resources.
The quantum secure communication is still in the early stages of implementation. The proposal of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), while theoretically ensuring unconditional security in key distribution, presents practical challenges in the described communication scenarios. For instance, there are issues such as low key-distribution efficiency and the inability to achieve end-to-end identity authentication. In this paper, we have established a distributed quantum secure communication identity authentication system. We achieve end-to-end identity authentication and encrypted communication between communication terminals through a distributed authentication framework. At the same time, we utilize blockchain for storing transaction information. Blockchain, with its features of immutability, resistance to single points of failure and data corruption, and transparency, ensures that transaction information is publicly transparent and can be queried at any time. This design guarantees the tamper-proof nature of transaction information, thereby ensuring the uniqueness of the allocated keys and enhancing the security of the keys.
Currently many symmetric key cryptographic tools which are known to be quantum-safe. They all share Secret symmetric keys through an untrusted medium which is usually done with public key methods which are prone to quantum attacks. One among the recommended solutions to the key distribution problem is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD utilizes an authenticated Communication channel along with a quantum communication channel so that a secret key is generated. Whatever may be the protocol to implement proposed QKD, they all need both a quantum channel, and an authenticated classical. OTP (One Time Pad) is used when two parties wish to communications have to share a key called pad. This pad is a randomly generated key and the length of the key should be equal to the message so it can be sent. The proposed QKD parameters that result in almost 35.67% smaller keys for quantum security and an implementation of QKD in network which is publicly available and usable in practice.
Quantum communication plays an important role in quantum information science due to its unconditional security. In practical implementations, the users of each communication vary with the transmitted information, and hence not all users are required to participate in each communication round. Therefore, improving the flexibility and efficiency of the actual communication process is highly demanded. Here, we propose a theoretical quantum communication scheme that realizes secret key distribution for both the two-party quantum key distribution (QKD) and multi-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) modes. The sender, Alice, can freely select one or more users to share keys among all users, and nonactive users will not participate in the process of secret key sharing. Numerical simulations show the superiority of the proposed scheme in transmission distance and secure key rate. Consequently, the proposed scheme is valuable for secure quantum communication network scenarios.