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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Dispersive Interactions for Strong Atom-Photon Coupling in a Guided Nanophotonic Fiber Geometry

Xiaodong Qi, Ben Q. Baragiola, Poul Jessen, Ivan Deutsch

Published Jun 10, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract Integrating nanophotonics and cold atoms has drawn increasing interest in recent years due to diverse applications in quantum information science and the exploration of quantum many‐body physics. For example, dispersion‐engineered photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) permit not only stable trapping and probing of ultracold neutral atoms via interactions with guided‐mode light, but also the possibility to explore the physics of strong, photon‐mediated interactions between atoms, as well as atom‐mediated interactions between photons. While diverse theoretical opportunities involving atoms and photons in 1D and 2D nanophotonic lattices have been analyzed, a grand challenge remains the experimental integration of PCWs with ultracold atoms. Here, an advanced apparatus that overcomes several significant barriers to current experimental progress is described, with the goal of achieving strong quantum interactions of light and matter by way of single‐atom tweezer arrays strongly coupled to photons in 1D and 2D PCWs. Principal technical advances relate to efficient free‐space coupling of light to and from guided modes of PCWs, silicate bonding of silicon chips within small glass vacuum cells, and deterministic, mechanical delivery of single‐atom tweezer arrays to the near fields of photonic crystal waveguides.
The field of quantum nanophotonics has recently been attracting a great deal of interest. In quantum nanophotonics, fermionic degrees of freedom such as atoms or quantum dots are coupled to traditional nanophotonic systems. As the fermionic components can only absorb a finite number of photons at a time, the interplay between the fermionic and photonic degrees of freedom can fundamentally alter the transport properties of photons and their correlations. In many conventional photonic systems, however, atom-photon interactions are too weak to realize efficient devices at ultra-low power levels. We show that in properly designed quantum nanophotonic geometries, we can create strong photon-photon interaction and quantum interference to realize efficient devices operating down to the single-photon power level. In particular, quantum nanophotonic geometry allows us to establish quantum interference to provide efficient single-photon frequency conversion and long-term photonic storage. Moreover, we use strong photon-photon interactions in cavity-QED to produce strongly antibunched streams of photons with shot noise below the classical limit which can allow fundamentally secret communication over large distances.