Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Modern Physics Letters B

Incommensurate charge density wave modulated by period of Hubbard superlattices

Liangliang Zhang, Jin Huang, Cheng-Bo Duan, Weizhong Wang

Published Nov 17, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The charge structure factor of the half-filled Hubbard superlattices with one on-site repulsive site and [Formula: see text] free sites per unit cell is investigated numerically. The behaviors of charge structure reveal a kind of even–odd [Formula: see text] disparity. For even [Formula: see text], we always observe a commensurate charge density wave (CDW). For odd [Formula: see text], we observe a commensurate–incommensurate CDW transition at a critical on-site repulsion around the particle–hole symmetric point. This transition results from the competition between the local charge correlations with odd distance and even distance.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984915502085

Related papers

Modulation of charge-density waves by superlattice structures

André Luiz Malvezzi, Thereza Paiva, Raimundo R. dos Santos

We discuss the interplay between electronic correlations and an underlying superlattice structure in determining the period of charge density waves (CDW's), by considering a one-dimensional Hubbard model with a repeated (nonrandom) pattern of repulsive $(U>0)$ and free $(U=0)$ sites. Density matrix renormalization group diagonalization of finite systems (up to 120 sites) is used to calculate the charge-density correlation function and structure factor in the ground state. The modulation period can still be predicted through effective Fermi wave vectors ${k}_{F}^{*}$ and densities, and we have found that it is much more sensitive to electron (or hole) doping, both because of the narrow range of densities needed to go from ${q}^{*}=0$ to $\ensuremath{\pi}$, but also due to sharp $2{k}_{F}^{*}\ensuremath{-}4{k}_{F}^{*}$ transitions; these features render CDW's more versatile for actual applications in heterostructures than in homogeneous systems.

arXiv:cond-mat/0604523•Physical Review B•May 23, 2006•9 citations

Structure-dependent metal–insulator transition in one-dimensional Hubbard superlattice

Liangliang Zhang, Jin Huang, Cheng-Bo Duan +1 more

We investigate the charge and spin gaps, and the spin structure in half-filled one-dimensional Hubbard superlattices with one repulsive site and L0 free sites per unit cell. For odd L0, it is correlated metal at the particle–hole symmetric point, and then turns into band insulator beyond this point. For even L0, the system has a Mott insulator phase around the particle–hole symmetric point and undergoes a metal–insulator transition with on-site repulsion U increasing. For large U, there exists a multiperiodic spin structure, which results from the ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) correlation between the nearest neighboring repulsive sites for odd (even) L0.

Chinese Physics B•Jun 25, 2015•5 citations

Charge-density waves in one-dimensional Hubbard superlattices

Thereza Paiva, Raimundo R. dos Santos

We study the formation of charge density waves (CDW's) in one-dimensional Hubbard superlattices, modeled by a repeated pattern of repulsive $(U>0)$ and free $(U=0)$ sites. By means of Lanczos diagonalizations for the ground state, we calculate the charge structure factor. Our results show that while the superlattice structure affects the modulation of the charge density waves, the periodicity can still be predicted through an effective density. We also show that, for a fixed repulsive layer thickness, the periodicity of the CDW is an oscillatory function of the free layer thickness.

arXiv:cond-mat/0109467•Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Mar 27, 2002•19 citations

Laser-induced commensurate-incommensurate transition of charge order in a Hubbard superlattice

Hua Chai, Zhenyu Cheng, Qinxin Hu +4 more

We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of charge density waves in a pumped one-dimensional Hubbard superlattice with staggered onsite Coulomb interactions at half-filling, using time-dependent exact diagonalization. In equilibrium, the system exhibits commensurate charge correlations consistent with the superlattice periodicity. Under laser excitation, the charge correlation function exhibits distinct behaviors across four representative frequencies, spanning both linear and nonlinear optical regimes. Notably, we observe a laser-induced commensurate-to-incommensurate transition in the charge order, manifested by a shift in the peak wavevector of the charge structure factor. This transition is driven by sublattice-selective doublon-holon dynamics, where the laser frequency and intensity determine whether excitations predominantly destabilize the charge order on the weakly or strongly interacting sublattice. Our analysis of the excitation spectrum and site-resolved correlation dynamics reveals the underlying mechanisms of this transition. These results suggest a promising optical strategy for controlling charge order in superlattice-based quantum materials.

arXiv:2510.26288•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Mar 20, 2026•0 citations

Incommensurate charge correlation and phase diagram of the one-dimensional superlattice Hubbard model at half-filling

Cheng-Bo Duan, Weizhong Wang

We study the phase diagram of a half-filled one-dimensional superlattice Hubbard model with an alternating orbital energy ± ϵ/2 and on-site Coulomb repulsion U(A) and U(B) using the density-matrix renormalization group and finite-size scaling analysis. For U(A) >> U(B), we observe an incommensurate charge correlation phase. For U(B) = 0, we find a transition from the band insulating phase to the correlated metallic phase at the critical point ϵ = U(A)/2. For U(B) > 0, we find three insulating phases as in the ionic Hubbard model. In the gapless region, the correlation functions exhibit the asymptotic behavior of power-law decay as in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid.

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter•Aug 2, 2010•7 citations

Unequal on-site interaction effects in the one-dimensional electron system at quarter filling

Hanqin Ding, Yan Xu, Weiting Chen

The one-dimensional antiferromagnetic correlated electron system described by the unusual t-U-J model with alternating on-site interactions at odd ([Formula: see text]) and even ([Formula: see text]) sites is studied analytically. At weak coupling, the use of bosonization and renormalization-group techniques helps to obtain ground-state phase diagram. At quarter filling, the unequal on-site repulsion ([Formula: see text]) causes the occurrence of umklapp processes and the generation of a charge excitation gap. Contrary to the usual case ([Formula: see text]), the system is not metallic but insulating. For [Formula: see text], the system is in a spin-gapped phase with charge-density-wave (CDW) instability; for [Formula: see text], the system is in a spin-gapless phase characterized by the coexistence of both CDW and spin-density-wave (SDW) instabilities, where the SDW correlation dominates over the CDW one.

Scientific Reports•May 24, 2021•3 citations
The charge structure factor of the half-filled Hubbard superlattices with one on-site repulsive site and [Formula: see text] free sites per unit cell is investigated numerically. The behaviors of charge structure reveal a kind of even–odd [Formula: see text] disparity. For even [Formula: see text], we always observe a commensurate charge density wave (CDW). For odd [Formula: see text], we observe a commensurate–incommensurate CDW transition at a critical on-site repulsion around the particle–hole symmetric point. This transition results from the competition between the local charge correlations with odd distance and even distance.
We discuss the interplay between electronic correlations and an underlying superlattice structure in determining the period of charge density waves (CDW's), by considering a one-dimensional Hubbard model with a repeated (nonrandom) pattern of repulsive (U>0)(U>0)(U>0) and free (U=0)(U=0)(U=0) sites. Density matrix renormalization group diagonalization of finite systems (up to 120 sites) is used to calculate the charge-density correlation function and structure factor in the ground state. The modulation period can still be predicted through effective Fermi wave vectors kF∗{k}_{F}^{*}kF∗​ and densities, and we have found that it is much more sensitive to electron (or hole) doping, both because of the narrow range of densities needed to go from q∗=0{q}^{*}=0q∗=0 to $\ensuremath{\pi}$, but also due to sharp $2{k}_{F}^{*}\ensuremath{-}4{k}_{F}^{*}$ transitions; these features render CDW's more versatile for actual applications in heterostructures than in homogeneous systems.
We investigate the charge and spin gaps, and the spin structure in half-filled one-dimensional Hubbard superlattices with one repulsive site and L0 free sites per unit cell. For odd L0, it is correlated metal at the particle–hole symmetric point, and then turns into band insulator beyond this point. For even L0, the system has a Mott insulator phase around the particle–hole symmetric point and undergoes a metal–insulator transition with on-site repulsion U increasing. For large U, there exists a multiperiodic spin structure, which results from the ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) correlation between the nearest neighboring repulsive sites for odd (even) L0.
We study the formation of charge density waves (CDW's) in one-dimensional Hubbard superlattices, modeled by a repeated pattern of repulsive (U>0)(U>0)(U>0) and free (U=0)(U=0)(U=0) sites. By means of Lanczos diagonalizations for the ground state, we calculate the charge structure factor. Our results show that while the superlattice structure affects the modulation of the charge density waves, the periodicity can still be predicted through an effective density. We also show that, for a fixed repulsive layer thickness, the periodicity of the CDW is an oscillatory function of the free layer thickness.
We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of charge density waves in a pumped one-dimensional Hubbard superlattice with staggered onsite Coulomb interactions at half-filling, using time-dependent exact diagonalization. In equilibrium, the system exhibits commensurate charge correlations consistent with the superlattice periodicity. Under laser excitation, the charge correlation function exhibits distinct behaviors across four representative frequencies, spanning both linear and nonlinear optical regimes. Notably, we observe a laser-induced commensurate-to-incommensurate transition in the charge order, manifested by a shift in the peak wavevector of the charge structure factor. This transition is driven by sublattice-selective doublon-holon dynamics, where the laser frequency and intensity determine whether excitations predominantly destabilize the charge order on the weakly or strongly interacting sublattice. Our analysis of the excitation spectrum and site-resolved correlation dynamics reveals the underlying mechanisms of this transition. These results suggest a promising optical strategy for controlling charge order in superlattice-based quantum materials.
We study the phase diagram of a half-filled one-dimensional superlattice Hubbard model with an alternating orbital energy ± ϵ/2 and on-site Coulomb repulsion U(A) and U(B) using the density-matrix renormalization group and finite-size scaling analysis. For U(A) >> U(B), we observe an incommensurate charge correlation phase. For U(B) = 0, we find a transition from the band insulating phase to the correlated metallic phase at the critical point ϵ = U(A)/2. For U(B) > 0, we find three insulating phases as in the ionic Hubbard model. In the gapless region, the correlation functions exhibit the asymptotic behavior of power-law decay as in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid.
The one-dimensional antiferromagnetic correlated electron system described by the unusual t-U-J model with alternating on-site interactions at odd ([Formula: see text]) and even ([Formula: see text]) sites is studied analytically. At weak coupling, the use of bosonization and renormalization-group techniques helps to obtain ground-state phase diagram. At quarter filling, the unequal on-site repulsion ([Formula: see text]) causes the occurrence of umklapp processes and the generation of a charge excitation gap. Contrary to the usual case ([Formula: see text]), the system is not metallic but insulating. For [Formula: see text], the system is in a spin-gapped phase with charge-density-wave (CDW) instability; for [Formula: see text], the system is in a spin-gapless phase characterized by the coexistence of both CDW and spin-density-wave (SDW) instabilities, where the SDW correlation dominates over the CDW one.