We report measurements of the absolute excitation frequencies of
165Ho 4f116sns and
4f116snd odd-parity Rydberg series. The states are detected through depletion of a magneto-optical trap via a two-photon excitation scheme. Measurements of 162 Rydberg levels in the range
n=40--101 yield quantum defects well described by the Rydberg-Ritz formula. We observe a strong perturbation in the
ns series around
n=51 due to an unidentified interloper at 48515.47(4) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. From the series convergence, we determine the first ionization potential
EIP=48565.910(3) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which is three orders of magnitude more accurate than previous work. This work is an important step towards using Ho atoms for collective encoding of a quantum register.