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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Generation of photon pairs at different frequencies: route toward quantum microwave source

D. Estève, Olivier Parlavecchio, Carles Altimiras, P. Joyez, D. Vion, P. Roche, F. Portier

Published Mar 4, 2015• 0 citations
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generates photons in the electromagnetic modes. We coupled a Josephson junction to two resonators at frequencies 1 2; when voltage-biased at 2eV = h 1 + h 2, Cooper pairs can tunnel only if two photons, one at each frequency, are simultaneously emitted. We measured the cross-correlations between the emission rates and showed that a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is violated. This result, in agreement with theoretical prediction made by Leppakangas and coworkers 1 , reveals the amplitude two-mode squeezing. Our setup is a easy way to produce non-classical microwave radiation from a battery. We believe that this source is a good candidate for producing pairs of entangled photons with high rate (few hundreds of MHz).
We use a three-level artificial atom in the ladder configuration as a source of correlated, single microwave photons of different frequency. The artificial atom, a transmon-type superconducting circuit, is driven at the two-photon transition between ground and second-excited state, and embedded into an on-chip switch that selectively routes different-frequency photons into different spatial modes. Under continuous driving, we measure power cross-correlations between the two modes and observe a crossover between strong antibunching and superbunching, typical of cascade decay, and an oscillatory pattern as the drive strength becomes comparable to the radiative decay rate. By preparing the source in a superposition state using an excitation pulse, we achieve deterministic generation of entangled photon pairs, as demonstrated by nonvanishing phase correlations and more generally by joint quantum state tomography of the two itinerant photonic modes.
In this paper we measure the efficiency of photon pair production from parametric downconversion at the photon counting level, generated in a laboratory prototype of PPLN waveguide at 1572 nm. The aim is to enhance the brightness of an heralded single photon source and to improve compactness for quantum communication applications, namely quantum key distribution. We observed a maximum of the conversion efficiency corresponding to 7.9 106 photon pairs/s for a pump power of 28 μW. This value is compared with the measured pairs production in a classical experiment of difference frequency generation, realized with the same sample by analogue classical detection. We highlight the advantages of using the waveguide versus a bulk PPLN for such applications and we foresee further possible improvements by adopting waveguide in a single photon level experimental setup.