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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Arbitrary landscape potentials under Quantum Gas Microscope for probing many-body correlated systems

Alexander Lukin, Ruichao Ma, Philipp M. Preiss, Matthew Rispoli, M. Eric Tai, Rajibul Islam, Markus Greiner

Published Jun 5, 2014• 0 citations
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Quantum coherence underlies collective quantum phenomena and emerging quantum technologies. Quantum gas microscopes have transformed quantum simulation by providing projective snapshots of many-body states with single-atom resolution, but spatially resolved measurements of off-diagonal correlations have remained elusive. Here, using the Talbot effect, we introduce a quantum coherence microscope that maps off-diagonal correlations onto site-resolved density signals with near-single-site resolution. We use this technique to locally probe the superfluid-Mott transition in a layer of a three-dimensional optical lattice and to measure coherence beyond nearest neighbors in an engineered potential landscape. By mapping off-diagonal correlations onto density signals through controlled Talbot evolution, this work opens new possibilities for accessing observables beyond the density basis through tailored matter-wave evolution and recapture.
Quantum gas microscopes probe quantum many-body lattice states via projective measurements in the occupation basis, enabling access to various density and spin correlations. Phase information, however, cannot be directly obtained in these setups. Recent experiments went beyond this by measuring local current operators and local phase fluctuations. Here we propose how Fourier-space manipulation in a matter-wave microscope allows access to various long-range off-diagonal correlators in experimentally realistic settings, realizing a many-body phase microscope. We demonstrate in particular how the fermionic d-wave superconducting order parameter in arbitrary Hubbard-type models, the non-equal time Green's function yielding the spectral function, or the hidden order of composite bosons in a fractional Chern insulator can be directly measured. Our results show the great potential of matter-wave microscopy for accessing exotic correlators including phases and coherences and characterizing intriguing quantum many-body states.