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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A scalable method for measuring entanglement entropy of quantum many-body systems

Eric Tai, Alex Lukin, Philipp M. Preiss, Matthew Rispoli, Ruichao Ma, Rajibul Islam, Markus Greiner

Published Jun 11, 2015• 0 citations
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Entanglement entropy has become an important theoretical concept in condensed matter physics because it provides a unique tool for characterizing quantum mechanical many-body phases and new kinds of quantum order. However, the experimental measurement of entanglement entropy in a many-body system is widely believed to be unfeasible, owing to the nonlocal character of this quantity. Here, we propose a general method to measure the entanglement entropy. The method is based on a quantum switch (a two-level system) coupled to a composite system consisting of several copies of the original many-body system. The state of the switch controls how different parts of the composite system connect to each other. We show that, by studying the dynamics of the quantum switch only, the Rényi entanglement entropy of the many-body system can be extracted. We propose a possible design of the quantum switch, which can be realized in cold atomic systems. Our work provides a route towards testing the scaling of entanglement in critical systems as well as a method for a direct experimental detection of topological order.
This paper investigates the critical role of entanglement entropy measurement in advancing quantum computing. We propose a novel methodology for precisely quantifying entanglement entropy within quantum systems, recognizing its significance as a key performance indicator for assessing both the quality and scalability of quantum algorithms and hardware. The core of the work focuses on developing a high-precision and efficient measurement technique, addressing the current limitations in entanglement entropy characterization. Specifically, we explore methods for minimizing measurement errors and maximizing the information obtained from entanglement entropy measurements. The theoretical framework presented allows for a deeper understanding of how entanglement entropy relates to computational complexity and provides a basis for optimizing quantum algorithms and designing more robust quantum computing architectures. Ultimately, this research contributes to overcoming a significant bottleneck in the field and paves the way for practical, fault-tolerant quantum computation.