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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Cold Fermionic Atoms in Two Dimensional Traps--Pairing versus Hund's Rule

S. M. Reimann, Massimo Rontani, J. R. Armstrong, Y. C. Yu, Sven AAberg

Published Mar 19, 2009• 0 citations
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We demonstrate that a two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice loaded with repulsive, contact-interacting fermions shows a rich and systematic magnetic phase diagram. Trapping a few ( N ⩽ 12) fermions in each of the single-site minima of the optical lattice, we find that the shell structure in these quantum wells determines the magnetism. In a shallow lattice, the tunnelling between the single wells is strong, and the lattice is non-magnetic (NM). For deeper lattices, however, the shell filling of the single wells with fermionic atoms determines the magnetism. As a consequence of Hund's first rule, the interaction energy is lowered by maximizing the number of atoms of the same species. This leads to a systematic sequence of NM, ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) phases.
The phase diagram of spin-3∕23∕23∕2 fermionic cold atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice is investigated at quarter filling (one atom per site) by means of large-scale numerical simulations. In full agreement with a recent low-energy approach, we find two phases with confined and deconfined Cooper pairs separated by an Ising quantum phase transition. The leading instability in the confined phase is an atomic-density wave with subdominant quartet superfluid instability made of four fermions. Finally, we reveal the existence of a bond-ordered Mott insulating phase in some part of the repulsive regime.