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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Photon Correlations in a Waveguide Coupled to Multiple Two- and Three- Level Systems

Yao-Lung L. Fang, Huaixiu Zheng, Harold U. Baranger

Published Mar 5, 2014• 0 citations
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We study correlated two-photon transport in a (quasi-)one-dimensional photonic waveguide coupled to a three-level Λ-type emitter driven by a classical light field. Two-photon correlation is much stronger in the waveguide for a driven three-level emitter (3LE) than a two-level emitter. The driven 3LE waveguide shows electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and we investigate the scaling of EIT for one and two photons. We show that the two transmitted photons are bunched together at any distance separation when energy of the incident photons meets "two-photon resonance" criterion for EIT.
We investigate the two-photon scattering processes in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to either a two-level or three-level giant atom. By manipulating the accumulated phase shift between the two coupling points, we are able to effectively modify the characteristics of these scattering processes. Utilizing the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism, we obtain the exact two-photon interacting scattering wave functions of these two systems. Additionally, analytical expressions for the incoherent power spectra and second-order correlations are derived. The incoherent spectrum, which is defined by the correlation of the bound state, provides valuable insights into photon-photon correlations. It serves as a useful indicator of the degree of photon-photon correlation between scattered photons. Furthermore, the second-order correlation function gives a direct measure of the photon-photon correlation. For photons scattered by the two-level giant atom, manipulating the accumulated phase shift allows for improvement of the photon-photon correlation and adjustment of the evolution of the second-order correlation. In the case of the three-level giant atom, the photon-photon correlation can be substantially increased. The photon-photon interaction and correlation distance of the scattered photons can be further enhanced by tuning the accumulated phase shift. Moreover, the statistical properties can be adjusted by the control field.