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Magnetic microstructures in integrated atom optics

Andrei I. Sidorov

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report progress in our project on Integrated Atom Optics. We are exploring methods of producing surface-based microscopic atom optical elements that are made from permanent magnetic films and current-carrying microwires. We will discuss different configurations of microtraps, waveguides and couplers that can manipulate atomic de Broglie waves on the surface of a substrate. In particular we will describe the characteristics of a mirror magneto-optical trap that has allowed trapping of rubidium atoms in vicinity of a surface.

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We report progress in our project on Integrated Atom Optics. We are exploring methods of producing surface-based microscopic atom optical elements that are made from permanent magnetic films and current-carrying microwires. We will discuss different configurations of microtraps, waveguides and couplers that can manipulate atomic de Broglie waves on the surface of a substrate. In particular we will describe the characteristics of a mirror magneto-optical trap that has allowed trapping of rubidium atoms in vicinity of a surface.
A method for creating miniature quadrupole traps for atoms is proposed. The method uses pairs of micro-fabricated dipole magnets to create a quadrupole field for trapping atoms in two dimensions while allowing free propagation in the third. When the dimensions of the trap are comparable with the de Broglie wavelengths of the atoms, the device becomes an atom waveguide. In this paper we discuss the properties of the magnetic dipoles, methods for their manufacture and present the de Broglie wave modes of an example waveguide. The method can be extended to create many different atom-optical devices on a substrate leading to the possibility of monolithic, integrated atom-optics devices.
We describe the use of permanent magnetic microstructures based on grooved, perpendicularly magnetised thin films fabricated by electron-beam lithography as optical elements for atom optics. Strong reflection signals and predominantly specular reflection have been realised for beams of cold caesium or rubidium atoms normally incident on grooved perpendicularly magnetised microstructures with periodicities of 1--4 \\mu m. We discuss the use of perpendicularly magnetised microstructures to construct miniature integrated atom optical elements, including magnetic waveguides, microtraps and beamsplitters, for manipulating atomic de Broglie waves on the surface of a substrate.
There is a need in atom optics and atom interferometry for high quality atomic mirrors and beamsplitters that will permit the manipulation and control of beams of slowly moving atoms. We have an established programme for developing and testing mirrors for atom optics based on the interaction between the magnetic dipole moment of an atom and the exponentially varying magnetic field above a periodic array of magnetic elements. Previously we have observed reflection of cold atoms from mirrors of a number of different designs, including a macroscopic array of permanent rare-earth magnets of alternating polarity, grooved ferromagnetic structures, arrays of current-carrying conductors and structures recorded onto magneto-optical films.
An alternative technique is proposed to create microscopic atom traps loaded with atoms from a gravito-optical surface trap (GOT), which is composed of an evanescent-wave mirror and a vertically aligned hollow laser beam. Our trap design is based on the use of current-carrying transparent conductors and transparent permanent magnets fabricated on the surface of a glass prism in the form of an internal structure of a refractive-index-matched thin dielectric film. The conductors can be fabricated of indium tin oxide (ITO) and the magnets of yttrium iron garnet (YIG). Different kinds of traps may be envisaged: i) spin-independent electro-optical ii) magneto-optical for either high- or low-field seeking atoms, and iii) purely magnetic for atoms in the low-field seeking states. In case iii), the magnetic-field minimum is located far enough from the film surface to make the contribution of the optical field negligible.
With the fast development and perfecting of laser cooling, trapping and manipulating of neutral atoms as well as microelectric fabrication techniques with micrometer and nanometer scale, a new branch subject of atom optics, atom optics and its atom has been formed. In this lecture, we mainly introduce integrated schemes and experimental results as well as recent progress of integrated atom optics and its atom chips, including the design schemes, microfabrication techniques and recent experimental results of atom optical elements and devices with surface microstructures, magnetic microstructure integrated atom optics, all optical microstructure integrated atom optics,and magneto-optical microstructure integrated atom optics and their atom chips. Finally, design principles of integrated atom chip and its open problems are discussed, and some potential application of integrated atom optics and its future development are briefly looked ahead.